Informatics Final- Week 11

Question 1

Why use theory?

Answer 1

Theory based interventions have greater effects on behavior change (still need to know more about how to apply theory though)

Question 2

What four theories are most commonly used online?

Answer 2

• Transtheoretical model
• Social-cognitive theory
• Theory of reasoned action/planned behavior
• Elaboration of likelihood model

Question 3

What is the transtheoretical model?

Answer 3

Stages of change, decisional balance (pro/con), self-efficacy (confidence & temptation)

Question 4

What are the stages of change?

Answer 4

Pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, termination

Question 5

What are the early stages of processes of change?

Answer 5

Consciousness raising, dramatic relief, environmental reevaluation, self-reevaultion, self-liberation

Question 6

What are the later stage processes of change?

Answer 6

Helping relationships, counterconditioning, contingency management, stimulus control, social liberation

Question 7

What is the social-cognitive theory?

Answer 7

Reciprocal determinism (environment, behavior, individual factors intact; multiple avenues to influence behavior)

Question 8

What are individual factors in reciprocal determinism?

Answer 8

Knowledge, skills, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, goals

Question 9

What skills are part of SCT intervention strategies at the individual level?

Answer 9

Self-regulation, stress management, monitoring heart rate, counting calories

Question 10

What are outcome expectations of SCT intervention strategies are the individual level?

Answer 10

persuasive communication: risks and benefits

Question 11

What is meant by goals in relation to SCT interventions at the individual level?

Answer 11

Setting goals and monitoring progess

Question 12

What are SCT intervention strategies for environmental factors?

Answer 12

Social environnement (behavior change w/ buddy, support on message boards); Physical environment (↑ availability of healthy snacks, avoid places where you smoked)

Question 13

How is SCT applied to increase self-efficacy?

Answer 13

Practice the task
Observe a model
Get feedback
Reduce anxiety

Question 14

What aspects are parts of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPP)?

Answer 14

Behavioral beliefs (attitude toward behavior), normative beliefs (subjective norm), control beliefs (perceived behavioral control); all lead to behavioral intention which leads to behavior 
(** see slide 21 of week 11 is this is confusing)

Question 15

What is the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM)?

Answer 15

Explains how people process information and forms the basis for message tailoring

Question 16

What are the two processing routes? (ELM)

Answer 16

• central: personally relevant information is more deeply process, retained longer, linked to enduring attitude and behavior change
• peripheral: more superficial processing, attractive of message source (?)

Question 17

What is meant by tailoring? (ELM)

Answer 17

• combination of information or change strategies intended to reach one specific person
• based on unique characteristics of that person and related to outcome of interest; derived from individual assessment

Question 18

What is the rationale for tailoring? (ELM)

Answer 18

personalized, relevant information -> deeper processing -> attitude and behavior change

Question 19

What are the steps in the tailoring process? (ELM)

Answer 19

• Determine tailoring variables
• Create a message library
• Determine algorithm
• Administer individual assessment
• Create tailored message

Question 20

“Summary: For a person to change:” (main points from this lecture)

Answer 20

• Strong positive intention
• No environmental constraints
• Must have the necessary skills
• Believe the advantages outweigh the disadvantages
• Perceive social pressure to perform the behavior than to not perform it
• Believe the behavior is consistent with self-image
• Emotional response to performing the behavior is positive
• Confidence in ability to perform the behavior