INFORMAL FALLACIES

Question 1

comes from Latin word fallere, which means to deceive
- type of argument that may appear to be true upon examination will be proven false.

Answer 1

Fallacy

Question 2

fallacy committed when there is intention to deceive or mislead opponent

Answer 2

sophism

Question 3

fallacy employed unknowingly due to the ignorance of the rules or correct reasoning

Answer 3

paralogism

Question 4

errors committed when either irrelevant psychological factors are allowed to distort the reasoning process through the use of threat, pity, etc

Answer 4

Informal Fallacy

Question 5

five groups of informal fallacies

Answer 5

1. fallacies of relevance
2. fallacies of weak induction
3. fallacies of presumption
4. fallacies of ambiguity
5. fallacies of grammatical analogy

Question 6

occurs when the premises of an argument is irrelevant to the conclusion of that argument.

Answer 6

fallacies of relevance

Question 7

10 fallacies of relevance

Answer 7

1.Argumentatum ad Baculum
2. Argumentatum ad Misericordiam
3. Argumentatum ad Populum
4. Argumentatum ad Hominem
5. Genetic Fallacy
6. Fallacy of Accident
7. Straw-Man fallacy
8. Ignoratio Elenchi
9. Red Herring Fallacy
10. Arithmetical

Question 8

6 fallacies of weak induction

Answer 8

1. Argumentatum ad Verecundiam
2. Argumentatum ad Ignoratiam
3. Hasty Generalization
4. False Cause
5. Slippery Slope
6. Weak Analogy

Question 9

4 Fallacies of Presumption

Answer 9

1. Petitio Principii
2. Complex Questions
3. Black or White Fallacy
4. Supresses Evidence Fallacy

Question 10

3 Fallacies of Ambiguity

Answer 10

1. Fallacy of Equivocation
2. Fallacy of Accent
3. Fallacy of Amphiboly

Question 11

2 Fallacies of Grammatical Analogy

Answer 11

1. Fallacy of Composition
2. Fallacy of Division

Question 12

it is an illegitimate mode of persuasion wherein the arguer makes use of force and threats against the person as an instrument to persuade.

Answer 12

Argumentatum ad Baculum / Appeal to Force/ Appeal to Threat of Force

Question 13

committed when pity is evoked in order to support a statement in question.

Answer 13

Argumentatum ad Misericordiam/ Appeal to Pity

Question 14

uses emotion laiden terminology to sway people.
- uses rhetoric, highky-emotional language

Answer 14

Argumentatum ad Populum

Question 15

argument against the person or attack against the man

Answer 15

Argumentatum ad Hominem

Question 16

Different forms of Argumentatum ad Hominem

Answer 16

1. Abusive argument,
2. Circumstancial
3. Tu Quoque or You too argument

Question 17

attempts to discredit the statement or belief by discrediting the source of that belief or statement.

Answer 17

Genetic Fallacy

Question 18

the general rule is misapplied to the issue.

Answer 18

Fallacy of Accident

Question 19

commited when a person distorts an opponents argument

Answer 19

Straw- man Fallacy

Question 20

fallacy committed when the premises of an argument support one particular conclusion, then a different conclusion.

Answer 20

Ignoratio Elenchi/ Ignorance of the Proof/ Missing the Point Fallacy

Question 21

committed when the arguer diverts the attention of the listener by changing the subject to a different one

Answer 21

Red Herring Fallacy

Question 22

occurs because the premises do not sufficiently support the conclusion

Answer 22

fallacies of weak induction

Question 23

the appeal to inappropriate authority, made to parties who do not have the proper authority or doesn’t have a legitimate claim to the authority in the matter at hand.

Answer 23

Argumentatum ad Verecundiam

Question 24

also known as appeal to ignorance, occurs when a given statement is accepted as true simply because it cannot be proven to be false.

Answer 24

Argumentatum ad Ignorantiam

Question 25

occurs when incident 1 is identified as the cause of incident 2 only on grounds that are not established sufficiently as a causal relationship

Answer 25

False Cause

Question 26

Forms of False cause

Answer 26

• Post Hoc Fallacy
• Non Causa Pro Causa
• Oversimplified Cause

Question 27

committed when the conclusion of an argument rests upon an alleged chain reaction with no sufficient reason.

Answer 27

Slippery Slope

Question 28

committed when the analogy is not strong enough to support the conclusion that is drawn

Answer 28

Weak Analogy

Question 29

occurs when the premises presume a conclusion that the speaker wanted to assert.

Answer 29

Fallacy of presumption

Question 30

committed when the arguer requests an opponent to grant what the opponent seeks as a proof of.

Answer 30

Petitio Principii

Question 31

committed when two or more questions are asked in the guise of a single question and a single answer is then given to both the questions

Answer 31

Fallacy of Complex Question

Question 32

committed when one assumes that there are only two contrary alternatives available.

Answer 32

Black or White Fallacy

Question 33

if the premises ignore the evidence and end up with a very different conclusion

Answer 33

Supressed Evidence

Question 34

arise from the occurrence of some forms of ambiguity in either the premise or conclusion

Answer 34

Fallacies of Ambiguity

Question 35

occurs when given word or phrase may have more then one meaning, produces a different conclusion than what is intended.

Answer 35

Equivocation

Question 36

conclusion is drawn from premises that has been rendered misleading or false by misplaced accent

Answer 36

Accent

Question 37

when the meaninf of the argument is indeterminate because of the loose or awkward way by which it is combined

Answer 37

Amphiboly

Question 38

occur when the fallacious arguments are gramatically analogous to other arguments that are good in every respect.

Answer 38

fallacy of grammatical analogy

Question 39

putting together what should be taken separately

Answer 39

composition

Question 40

opposite of the fallacy of composition, taken together are instead taken separately without qualification

Answer 40

division