Inför Prov V.5 Flashcards
These two interactions can be referred to as Van der Waals forces:
Permanent dipole-dipole and Induced dipole-dipole interactions
Dipole-dipole interactions
When a partial charge within one molecule are attracted to an opposite partial charge in a nearby molecule.
Intramolecular bonding
Bonds between atoms within a molecule
Intermolecular bonding
Bondings between molecules of a substance.
Hydrogen bonds
Intermolecular attraction between a partially positive charged hydrogen in one molecule and a partially charged negative oxygen, nitrogen or fluorine in a nearby molecule. “Super dipole-dipole bonds”
Strongest to weakest bonds
Ionic, covalent, ion-dipole, hydrogen bonds, dipole-dipole, dipole-induced dipole.
Dative covalent bond
A covalent bond in which both electrons in the shared pair are supplied by the same atom.
Three types of interactions when mixing a solvent and a solute:
Solvent-solvent, solute-solute, solvent-solute
What does the formation of a solution depend on?
It depends on the strength of the solvent-solute interaction compared to the solvent-solvent and solute-solute interactions. If the Solvent-Solute interaction is stronger, then a solution will form.
Why can’t a hydrogen bond form between an H2O and an H bonded to an C?
Because the electrons shared between H and C are pretty evenly spred out. Therefore it won’t make a hydrogen bond with H2O.
Why does Mg have a higher melting point than Na?
It’s because magnesium has a higher melting point due to iy having a higher electron density and the cations have a higher charge du to more protons. Therefore the attraction between the cations and the “sea” will be larger and more difficult to break, resulting in a higher melting point.
Why is graphite good at conducting electricity?
It’s because graphite has delocalised electrons.
Why is Graphite soft?
Because it’s structured into planes, which are held together by weak Van der Walls’ forces and can therefore break more easily.
What kind of bond does sodium have?
Sodium forms metallic bonds between each other.
