Chemistry 101

Question 1

Co-valent bond

Answer 1

Interatomic linkage that results from the sharing of electrons between atoms.

Question 2

Polar co-valent bond

Answer 2

When atoms with different electronegativities share electrons in a covalent bond, and therefore create a dipole with a negative and positive side.

Question 3

Non-polar co-valent bond

Answer 3

The difference between the atoms electronegativity in a molecule is mostly negligible, therefore not resulting in a high polarity.

Question 4

Van der Waals forces

Answer 4

Weak intermomlecular forces that attract neutral molecules to another - also known as induced dipole-dipole forces.

Question 5

Tetrahedral

Answer 5

When four atoms are bonded to a central atom and no lone electron pairs are present. The bond angles formed by the central atom to the substitues is 109.5°.

Question 6

Linear

Answer 6

These molecules are made up of a central atom that is bonded to two other atoms via single or double bonds. The bond angle between the central atom to the substitues is 180°. No lone pairs.

Question 7

Trigonal planer

Answer 7

Has a central atom, which has three other atoms attached to it in a triangular shape. All four atoms lie flat on a plane and have no lone pair of electrons. The bond angle between the central atom to the substitues is 120°. No lone pairs

Question 8

Trigonal bipyramidial

Answer 8

These molecules is made up of three atom around the equater of the central atom and two atoms along the vertical axis. The bond angles between the three atoms are 120° and the angles between the equator and the vertical atoms is 90°.

Question 9

Pyramidial

Answer 9

A trigonal pyramid, or pyramidal, is the molecular shape with one atom at the apex and three atoms in the corners of a trigonal base. The reason for this is due to the lone pair of electrons pushing the three atoms down. The bond angle is less than 109°.

Question 10

Non-linear

Answer 10

These molecules are made up of a central atom that is bonded to two other atoms via single or double bonds. But they are not in a straight line due to the lone pairs and will have a bond angle of less than 180°.

Question 11

What is the structure of a metal?

Answer 11

A metal has a small number of valence electrons as well as a low electronegativity. This means that the electrons in metals are easily removed.

Question 12

Metal-bonding

Answer 12

Strong bonds, that are structured so that there are metal cations that are surrounded by a ‘sea of delocalised electrons’. The bond is strong due to the electrostatic attraction between the delocalised electrons and metal cations.

Question 13

Electronegativity

Answer 13

A measure of the tendency of an atom to draw a shared pair of electrons towards itself in a covalent bond.