Infor and Comm Tech Lit and Skills C1 & C2

Question 1

What is a computer?

Answer 1

A computer is a programmable machine that converts raw data into useful information

Question 2

what is ubiquitous computing (ubicomp), and give examples

Answer 2

invisible computing, taking place all around us. As an example, smart homes automate everything including lights, climate, security, and entertainment using computer technology.

Question 3

Describe the information processing cycle and the role of binary codes in representing digital data. Provide examples of how switches are used in computers.

Answer 3

The information processing cycle involves input, processing, output, and storage. Binary codes, represented by 0s and 1s, are used to interpret digital data. Switches, acting like binary states, represent the data. For instance, off (0) or on (1).

Question 4

Trace the evolution of computer systems from the Analytical Engine to the present day, highlighting key developments in each generation

Answer 4

The Analytical Engine in the 19th century led to ENIAC in the 1940s, followed by transistors, integrated circuits, and microprocessors. Moore’s Law contributed to regular improvements in processing speeds and storage capabilities

Question 5

Compare and contrast the characteristics and purposes of desktop computers, notebooks, and tablets as types of personal computers.

Answer 5

Desktops offer speed and upgradability. Notebooks are portable with wireless capabilities. Tablets are mobile devices with LCD displays and built-in connectivity.

Question 6

Discuss the role of servers, midrange computers, and supercomputers in multiuser computing environments. Explain the concept of ergonomics and its significance in reducing workplace-related health issues.

Answer 6

Servers provide centralized resources, midrange computers support hundreds, and supercomputers handle specialized tasks. Ergonomics involves creating comfortable workspaces, reducing health issues.

Question 7

Define and provide examples of ubiquitous computing. Explain how convergence is manifested in smartphones, incorporating its advantages

Answer 7

Ubiquitous computing is the integration of technology in daily life. Convergence is seen in smartphones, combining various functions like email, web browsing, and entertainment, making computing portable and convenient

Question 8

Elaborate on the information processing cycle, highlighting its steps. Discuss the significance of bits and bytes in measuring data.

Answer 8

The information processing cycle includes input, processing, output, and storage steps. Bits are the smallest unit in the binary system, while bytes measure file size and storage capacity.

Question 9

: Discuss the concept of green computing and its environmental advantages. Explain how universal design principles contribute to creating accessible and user-friendly interfaces.

Answer 9

Green computing manages devices efficiently, saving energy. Universal design principles create accessible interfaces for people with or without disabilities, ensuring simplicity and intuitiveness.

Question 10

Name the four basic tasks that computers perform.

Answer 10

Computers perform input, processing, output, and storage tasks.

Question 11

What are the two main parts of the CPU, and what functions do they serve?

Answer 11

The CPU consists of the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) for calculations and the control unit for data movement coordination.

Question 12

Describe the stages of the instruction cycle in the CPU.

Answer 12

The instruction cycle involves fetch, decode, execute, and store operations.

Question 13

How is processor performance measured, and what does a 3GHz processor signify?

Answer 13

Processor performance is measured in gigahertz (GHz), and a 3GHz processor executes 3 billion data cycles per second.

Question 14

How do multi-core processors enhance computer performance?

Answer 14

Multi-core processors run multiple data cycles simultaneously, improving system speed.

Question 15

Besides graphics processing, what other task can GPUs be used for?

Answer 15

GPUs are used for tasks like bitcoin mining or crypto mining

Question 16

What is the purpose of RAM, and why is it considered volatile memory?

Answer 16

RAM is temporary storage for instructions and data. It is volatile as it loses data when the computer is turned off.

Question 17

How is cache memory different from RAM, and where is it located?

Answer 17

Cache memory stores frequently accessed information, is faster than RAM, and is located close to the processor.

Question 18

Give examples of input devices and their functions.

Answer 18

Examples include keyboards (for typing), mice (for pointing and clicking), and microphones (for sound input).

Question 19

Explain the role of monitors as output devices.

Answer 19

Monitors display visual output, and their resolution determines image sharpness.

Question 20

How do printers like inkjet and laser printers differ in their technology?

Answer 20

Inkjet printers spray ink drops, while laser printers use a laser beam and toner.

Question 21

What is the purpose of solid-state storage, and where is it commonly found?

Answer 21

Solid-state storage is nonmechanical, found in USB flash drives, and uses nonvolatile flash memory.

Question 22

How do hard drives store data, and what is the role of read/write heads?

Answer 22

Hard drives store data magnetically on metal platters, and read/write heads read and write data on the platter’s surface.

Question 23

How does a modem function, and what type of data does it transmit?

Answer 23

A modem converts analog signals into digital signals for transmitting data over telephone lines.

Question 24

Differentiate between CD, DVD, and Blu-ray discs in terms of data capacity.

Answer 24

CDs hold about 700 MB, DVDs 4.7-8.5 GB, and Blu-ray discs 25-50 GB.