Info for Exam Flashcards
Growth in membership of trade unions during WW1
4 to 8 million
Reason for growth in Trade Union Membership
Poor working conditions
Number of men in armed forces which Churchill needed to demobilise in 1919
3.5 million
Date WSC falls out with DLG over peace talks with Bolsheviks
January 1919
Amount spent by GB in Russian Civil War
£73 million
Date WSC nearly resigns over the Anglo-Russian Trade Agreement made by DLG
November 1920
Number of counties where martial law is introduced IN 1920
6 (of 9)
Act by which Ireland was partitioned into two countries IN 1920
Government of Ireland Act 1920
Date the Black and Tans are sent into Ireland
(25th March) 1920
Date DLG appoints WSC as chair of Cabinet Committee on Ireland
June 1920
Date that WSC softens his stance and calls for a national truce on Ireland
December 1920
Number of British troops sent to control Irish unrest IN JULY 1920
100,000
Date that Clemmie sends letter to criticising his use of the Black and Tans
18th February 1921
Number of GB negotiators in Ireland talks (in Downing Street 1921)
7
Number of IRA members imprisoned by July 1921
4,500
Name of IRA negotiator assassinated
Michael Collins
Date IRA negotiator is assassinated
August 1922
Date armistice treaty signed between GB government and Irish republicans
6th December 1921
Came into effect 6th December 1922
Churchill political position Feb 1921 to October 1922
Secretary of State for Colonies
Date Churchill agrees navy spending should be cut by chancellory
January 1922
Dates WSC is Chancellor of Exchequer
Nov 1924 to May 1929
Date Churchill cuts spending of Navy cruiser building programme and what he says about it
December 1924
“For what are the admiralty preparing - a war with Japan?!”
Date Churchill suffers election defeat in Dundee
1922
Date Churchill stands as Constitutionalist candidate in Epping by-election and wins by 10,000 votes
October 1924
Date WSC switches to Conservative party
1925
Date Turkey takes Smyrna. Consequences?
August 1922 - Churchill changes stance to anti-Turkish. Agrees with DLG and Lord Birkenhead into wanting to negotiate peace between the Turks and Greeks.
Date of Chanak Crisis
September 1922
Events of Chanak Crisis
GB Gvt supports Greeks against rebel Turks.
DLG ends up resigning due to Conservative Pressure in October 1922
Cost of dealing with Palestine (mandate from WW1)
£37 million
Date of WSC announcing the restoration of Gold Standard at Pre-War parity
April 1925
GB debt to USA in 1925
£1000 million
World debt (French, Japanese) debt to GB 1925
£2000 million
Method of repayment of US debts
Instalments - at the same time as everyone pays GB back
Year Budget negotiated with Chamberlain over welfare state and benefits for the poor
1926
5th and final budget as chancellor with derating scheme for local taxes. Heavily criticised by NC. Money regained by 4p tax on petrol
1928
Date 10 year rule is discussed and extended
July 1928
Anglo German Naval Agreement
June 1935
Spanish Civil War
1936
Japanese Invasion of Manchuria
September 1931
WSC
29/10/1929
Hitler’s Enabling Law
March 1933
Baldwin takes over from MacDonald as PM
June 1935
Hitler becomes Fuhrer
August 1934
Germany leaves LoN
September 1933
World Disarmament Conference
1932-1933
Sudentenland Crisis and Munich Agreement
September 1938
Nazi-Soviet Pact
August 1939
Italy leaves LoN and joins Rome Berlin Axis
October 1936
Hitler becomes Chancellor
January 1933
Chamberlain becomes PM
May 1937
Saar Plebicite
March 1935
Germany re-introduces conscription
1935
German reoccupies Rhineland
March 1936
Abyssinia Crisis
October 1935
Anschluss between Germany and Austria
March 1938
Date subsidy made by government to allow negotiations with Mine Owners and TUC
July 1925 - April 1926
9 months
Cost of 9 month subsidy to Government in 1926
£19 million
Date government breaks of negotiations with TUC. General strike begins next day
2nd May 1926
Number of Miners on strike 1926
2 million
Circulation of British Gazette at peak (12th May 1926)
2.2 million
Date Churchill urges protection of supplies from miners and QUOTE
6th May 1926
“We are at war” (WSC 6th May)
Length of General Strike
9 days (3rd to 12th May 1926)
Content of Trade Disputes and Unions Act 1927
Makes strikes illegal and reduced trade union funding
Date of First Round Table Conference on India
November 1930
Date of Second Round of Round Table Conference on India
September 1931
Percentage of Indian Congress was made up of Hindus (Brahmins) in 1933
97%
Date of Simon Note
September 1932
Date and length of Gandhi’s first hunger strike
16th September 1932
6 days
Number of Tory backbenchers in India Defence Committee 1931
50
Date Churchill appeals on behalf of King to House of Commons about his abdication
7th December 1936
Number of Votes in favour of Government of India Act 1936 (against Churchill)
386 for and 122 against. Churchill lost.
Date of Bengal Famine
1943
Number of people that died in the Bengal Famine
More than 3 million. Churchill blamed for deaths
Number that could be killed by a German bombing raid - according to Churchill in 1934
30,000 to 40,000
Percentage in National Poll that voted in favour of Churchill returning to Office May 1939
56%
Amount put into Air Defences in 1934
£130,000 - “would not allow the necessary steps to be taken” according to Churchill
Number of Airplane engines sold to German Government by GB Government in Feb 1934
118
Date Churchill broadcasts on BBC warning of “most brutish Nazis” who “terrorises and tortures German population” to 1 million people
16th November 1934
Date Churchill warns House of Commons that Germany can now make 100 planes monthly and army is now 500,000 men strong
November 1935
Date Churchill organises commission of Conservative MPs to privately meet Baldwin, Chamberlain and Halifax to pressurise them over rearmament - they get nowhere
June 1936
Date Churchill warns Commons after re-militarisation of the Rhineland that Austria will be next
July 1936
Date Cabinet Member Kingsley Wood supports WSC’s view that GB’s air defences are weak
RAF vs Luftwaffe Planes
October 1938
RAF: 1606 planes (412 reserves). Luftwaffe: 3200 planes (2400 reserve)
Date Commons starts to support Churchill’s views on rearmaments
5th October 1938
MP who advises Chamberlain to reinstate WSC into Cabinet - 5th October 1938
Samuel Hoare
Foreign Secretary that resigns and calls for WSC’s reinstation “if and when you can” on 5th October 1938
Anthony Eden
Number of Conservative MPs that vote against the appeasement of Hitler on 5th October 1938
30
Including: Eden, Macmillan, Bracken, Duff Cooper
Date 30 Conservatives led by Eden, Cooper and Churchill propose to set up an all-party government to avoid war and “worse than this, defeat” (Macmillan)
29th March 1939
Date Chamberlain forced into action by Conservatives and guarantees Poland
31st March 1939
Date Count von Krosigk tells 2 British diplomats that only Churchill can save Britain. He is “the only man Hitler is afraid of”.
5th July 1939
Date GB declares war on Germany
9am 3rd September 1939
Date Churchill becomes PM and of his first Wartime meeting of Cabinet
10th May 1940
Date of Nazi Invasion of France, Belgium, Luxembourg and Holland
10th May 1940
Number of men in first wartime Cabinet
5
Date that Narvik falls and is evacuated
Captured on: 28th May 1940.
Evacuated: 8th June. Nazis seize it on the same day
Number of Destroyers lost at Narvik (28th May 1940)
7 British (1 French and 1 Polish)
Number of German civilians killed in GB bombing raids
600,000
Number of British civilians killed in the Blitz
60,000
Number of French sailors killed at Mers-el-Kebir (destruction of French fleet) in June 1940
1297
WSC approval rate July 1940
88%
Number of GB troops saved at Dunkirk (by 4th June 1940)
224,000
German men lost at Dunkirk
27,100
Date of Operation Barbarossa
22nd June 1941
Date of Wavell relieved of command in Middle East
June 1941
Proportion of bombs that land within 5 miles of their target in Ruhr 1941
1/3
Number of German codes cracked at Bletchley Park by mid-1942
3000 - 4000
Initiative of WSC
Date Auchinleck is relieved of Middle East command. Offered Iraq and Persia, but declines
August 1942
Date of first GB air attack on Hamburg
24th July 1943
Date of Mediterranean Strategy (attack through Italy and Balkans). Supported by Alanbrooke.
1943
Hugely infuriates Americans
Percentage of Hamburg buildings destroyed by August 1943
74%
Area of Dresden city destroyed in February 1945
60%
Numbers killed in Dresden raids
135,000
Date Paris is liberated - WSC lets De Gaulle walk down the Champs D’Elysee first
11th November 1944
Number of miles WSC travels to meet people by sea and air to discuss war efforts
110,000 miles
Number of hours WSC spends travelling at sea November 1939 to November 1943
792 hours
Number of letters sent by Churchill to Roosevelt during WW2
1100 letters (FDR sends 600)
Number of Formal meetings between WSC and FDR
10 (7 in America)
Date of Placentia Bay Conference
9th August 1941
Atlantic Charter Signed
14th August 1941
Date of first US troops arrival in UK
26th January 1942
Date Marshall visits UK and proposes Marshall Memorandum - send xxx soldiers to UK
April 1942
500,000 soldiers
Date of first sole US air attack in Europe (decided by FDR and WSC)
17th August 1942
Percentages in Percentages Agreement for Bulgaria and Hungary
80% / 20% (in favour of Russia). Britain got Greek influence in return
Date of first conference of the Big 3
Tehran - 28th November 1943
Days of Leningrad Seige
Date relieved by Allied forces
900 days
January 1944
Date of Operation Overlord (D-Day landings)
6th June 1944
Date of FDR death. Truman takes over for last of European war. Doesn’t get on well with Churchill
12th April 1944
Percentage lead for Labour pre-election (Feb 1945)
18%
Percentage approval for WSC as GB leader in May 1945
83%
Percentage of GB public that state that housing is most important issue in election (May 1945)
41%
Date of WSC Gestapo speech
4th June 1945
Amount spent by Conservatives in 1945
£3000 (they had spent £350,000 in May 1935)
Labour gain in seats 1945
239 seats
Conservative drop in seats 1945
219 seats
Date of Polling Day 1945
5th July 1945
Date that results of 1945 election are revealed
26th July 1945 (Churchill had been away at Potsdam for 3 weeks)
Money lost by WSC in Wall Street Crash 29th October 1929
£10,000
Fee paid by Daily Telegraph for WSC’s War Memoirs in 1936
£555,000
December 1945 - WSC in opposition and coins what phrase?
“Set the people free” - Anti-Labour
Churchill begins second term as PM
1951
Churchill buys Chartwell for £x
September 1922 for £5000
Japanese sign surrender statement - WW2 officially over
2nd September 1945
Republican oppostion to WSC in Irish Negotiations 1921-1922
Eamon De Valera
Length Churchill was in “the Wilderness”
10 years
Name of political imperialist committee that wanted to prevent loss of India. Number of Tories in it?
Indian Defence Committee
50 Tory backbenchers
Other Conservatives in war cabinet?
Eden, Beaverbrook
Phoney War?
Period of no fighting from 3 September 1939 till April 1940
Why Norway and Narvik?
Norway was the transport centre for Swedish Iron Ore that the Germans wanted
Three Generals that WSC removes as PM
Dill, Wavell, Auchinleck
Labour member of WSC War Cabinet
Attlee
Massacre ignored by WSC to keep Stalin onside
Katyn Massacre
When America becomes the senior partner in the relationship
May 1943
Reasons that Stalin and WSC disagree at Yalta February 1945
The Post-war division of Germany, Berlin and Europe
Decided in Percentages agreement (“naughty document”)?
Division of Eastern Europe between the USSR and GB and the dominance of GB in Greece
Name of US Chief of Staff that Alanbrooke called “a great man… but not a strategist” and challenged the Mediterranean strategy in favour of Overlord?
George Marshall
Date of ARCADIA
December 1941 - January 1942 (link to first US troops arriving in UK)
Date TRIDENT
May 1943 - balance of power shifts to USA, been “led down the garden path” and set date for Overlord on 6th June 1944
Votes for the Anglo-Irish Treaty in 1922
Passed by 302-60. Churchill gives a big speech on it and calls for peace and the promise to be fair on Northern Ireland
Churchill Quote on Hitler invading Russia
“If Hitler invaded hell I would at least make a favourable reference to the devil in the House of Commons”
To his secretary John Colville on the evening of Operation Barbarossa (21st June 1941)
