Info & Comm: Organization Needs Assesment Flashcards
Info Technology - 5 major ingredients, Components of IT
1) Hardware
2) Software
3) Data
4) Network
5) People
Four prmary roles in Business Operations
a) to process detailed data
b) Making daily decisions
c) Developing business strategies
d) Take orders from customers
Hierarchy of Roles
Different Users have different resp.
Data Capture Techniques
a) Manual Entries
b) Source Data Automation-ex. ATM machine
Data Accuracy - Do these things to shoot for data accuracy
1) Well-Designed Input Screens
2) Auto-entry fields-Autonumbering documents
Processing
1) Collect
2) Process
3) Store
4) Transform
5) Distribute
Business Info system is set up by
Hardware technicians
Network Administrators
Software developers
Accounting Information System is a type ofManagement info systems
A well-designed AIS creates an audit trail for accounting transactions. The audit trail allows a user to trace a transaction from a source doc to the ledger and to vouch from the edger back to the source documents.
Objectives of AIS
a) Record valid transactions
b) Properly classify those transactions
c) Record the transactions at their proper value
d) record transactions in proper accounting period
e) Properly present the transactions and related info to the financial statements of the organization
Transaction Cycles
Revenue Expenditure Production HR/Payroll Financing Cycle
Data Processing Cycle
1) Data Input
2) Data Storage
3)
Coding
a) Sequence Codes-no duplicates no missing #s
b) Block Codes- A block of numbers used to group certain items. ex. COA
c) Group Codes-ex. a phone number
Computer Storage
1) Entity-subject of info
2) Attributes-specific items of interest for each entity
3) Field-single piece of info
4) Record-all attributes abt a single instance of an entity
5) Data Value-contents of fields
6) File-Records are grouped into files
7) Master file-A ledger master storage of all info.
8) Transaction File-Journal
9) Database-Files that are interrelated and coordinated
Data Processing Functions= What is done to the database
1) Addition
2) Updating
3) Deletion
Methods- How is it done to the database
1) Batch Processing
2) On line real time processing
Information Output
Forms=
1) Documents
2) Reports
3) Query
Batch Processing
Always a time delay -between time transaction intitated and processed
Steps in Batch Processing
- Create a transaction file
- Update the master file
Online Real time processing
Master files are updated as the transactions are entered
requires random access storage devices
Benefits of Online real time processing
- No delay,
- OLRT are often used in a networked system
Centralized or Decenralized - they are often a matter of degree
Centralized- maintail all data and perform all data processing at a central location. Only headquarters enter transactions.
Decentralized- occurs when computing power and work gets spreadout or distributed by locations. Each store is processing their pwn transactions.
Advantages of Centralized Processing
a) Enhanced Data Security
single location must be secure. HQ needs to be secure
b) Consistent Processing.- Because HQ is in charge of transactions
Disadvantages of Centralized Processing
a) Possible High Cost
b) Increased for Processing Power & Data Storage
c) Reduction in Local Accountability
d) Bottlenecks
e) Delay in response time
f) Increased Vulnerability
Reporting
a) Periodic Scheduled Reports- Fin repots
b) Exception reports-produced when a specific condition or exception occurs. -(credit balance is greater than credit limit)
c) Demand Report(Pull)
user has to pull info from the system
d) Ad Hoc Reports- It does not exist but you can create it on demand
e) Push Reports- If a report window displays up-to-date reports every time an end user logs into a computer network
f) Dashboard reports- presents summary info necessary for management action
g) XBRL- tags could indicate the taxonomy used (GAAP or IFRS), the currency, the time period, as well as the definition of the element
