Influenza, Herpes simplex and RSV Flashcards
What are the influenza virus types?
A, B, C, D
which virus types cause seasonla epidmeics in humans (flu season)?
a and B
Which viruses cause global pandemics (like the emergence of a new variant)
A
whihc viruses casue mild disease and ccnot be epidmic?
C
Whihc virus does not cause disease in humans
D
Strnad A subtypes (proteins on surface of virus)
A(H1N1)
A(H3N2)
What acts as antigens on the a strand?
H and N surface proteins
what is antigenic drift?
minor changes in the H and N antigens that cause antigenicity and mean that we virus is slightly different each time
What are the subtypes for the B virus?
Victoria and Yamagata
Whihc B strain is currenlty more widely circulating
Victoria
what strains do virsuses currently proetct againts
all A and B strians, reformulated every year to account for antigenic drift
Differences between cold and infkuenza
influenza more aburpt and dangerous
How is infection transmissted
viral sheeding and via inhalation
how long does influenza incubate
7 days
when is influenza infectious and who has longer infection children or aultd
infectious 1 prior to symtpotms till 5-7 after onset of symptoms
children 10 days
Vaccination for influenza what time of year? how long does it take to work?
sept- end, october
2 weeks to develop resistance
vax for influenza ages and dosing
6 months up normal dose
65 plus high dose
What are the influenza vax?
IIV
- IIV3
-IIV4
RIV
- RIV4
LAIV
-LAIV3
-LAIV4
whihc vax are made from hen eggs?
IIV and LAIV
function of adjuvents?
boost immune response
What vax is not delivered IM, how is it delivered?
LAIV - nasal spary
infleunza vax serious and rare side effect
Oculo-repiratory syndrom ( red eyes bilateraly and one resp sym)
and guille barre syndrom
Antiviral tx for influenza include whihc drugs?
Oseltamivir
Zanamivir
Peramivir
Baloxavir
Drug formulations
Oseltamivir - po (tab or liquid)
Zanamivir - inhalation
Peramivir - IV
Baloxavir - po (one dose)
Oseltamivir S/E
GI and CNS
Zanamivir S/E
Gi and respiratory - can’t use for COPD or asthma
SJS/TEN and cardiac arrhythmias
Peramivir S/E
GI and SJS/TEN, anayphalysis, hallucinations
Baloxavir S/E
hyoersentivity rxn, hallucination
Herpes simplex infections, types
HSV1 - cold sores
HSV2 - genitals
Course of hSV infections
once infection travels from epthial cells to nerves cells and can lie dormant for many years
symptoms brought on by triggers
HSV brekout/ outbreak
prodromal feeling 1-2 days befroe
can get flu-like symptoms
genital herpes may affect urination
Sym may be worst if immunocomprimised, HIV/AID or pot trasnplant
can spread to eyes
Managment of HSV
relive symtpoms not sure disease
- acyclovir, famcyclovir, valcyclovir
whihc can effect liver enzymes?
valcyclobir
whihc can be give topically? and side effects of topical?
acyclovir - pruritus and contact dermatitus
whihc can be given systemically and side effects of systemic?
acyclovir - decreased hb, neutropenia, malasise, DVN, AKI, interistial nephritis
side ffects of famicyclovir
headaches, nausea, fatigue, neutropenia and leukopenia
side effects of valcyclovir
adbodminal pina, neuases, neutropenia, increased liver enzymes, headache, nsopharynitis, arthalgias, diarrhea and vomiting
any drug reistsance for HSV and what do we do in this situraion?
acyclovir resistance for HIV patients who are immunocomprimised
- mutation in DNA polymerase
we can use intralesional cidofovir
Characteristics of RSV?
mild cold flu
who does RSV affect most
affects young chldren infants most
most have had by second birthday
RSV complications
penumonia or bornchitus
TX
sym ptomatic
severe tx
oxygen and IV fluids
those most at risk?
young children with helath issue, immunocomprised and older people with lung and heart issues
RSV commonly has what?
re-infection
