Influenza

Question 1

What is the classification and typing of influenza viruses?

Answer 1

3 main groups: A,B,C
Classification: othromyxoviridae family and subtypes are based on the properties of their surface proteins

A+B cause the annual influenza, A can cause pandemics
C cause milder flu symptoms

Question 2

What is the epidemiology of seasonal, epidemic and pandemic influenza?

Answer 2

Seasonal flu: every winter, 10-15% population, unpleasant but not life threatening

Pandemic flu: sporadic. 25%+ of population, more serious with more complications

Epidemic:

Question 3

What is the laboratory diagnosis of influenza?

Answer 3

Viral nose and throat swabs/VTS: molecular detection/PCR

Question 4

How does influenza present in the community and severe disease in a hospital setting?

Answer 4

Abrupt fever up to 41* lasting 1-5d

+ 2 or > of: cough, myalgia, headache, malaise

Question 5

What is the role of antiviral agents in the treatment of influenza?

Answer 5

Use ASAP and within 48h of symptoms onset

• oseltamivir (oral)
• zanamivir (inhaled or IV)

Others; peramivir, favipiravir, baloxavir,

Question 6

What is the role of immunisation in preventing outbreaks of influenza?

Answer 6

Provides herd immunity
Specifically for healthcare workers: protects themselves and families, reduces risk to at risk patients, and reduces absences