HIV Flashcards
What are the basic virological features of HIV?
HIV1 HIV2
Infects and destroys cells of the immune system - TH cells which are CD4+
Increases risk of developing infections and tumours
What are the modes of transmission and epidemiology of HIV?
Spread: sexual transmission, injection drug misuse, blood products, vertical transmission, organ transplant
Epidemiology
36.7mil people affected
What are the clinical presentations of HIV infections?
Stage 1: asymptomatic, generalised lymphadenopathy
2: weight loss, minor mucutaneous manifestations, herpes, recurrent URTI
3, >10% weight loss, chronic diarrhoea, fever, candidiasis, leukoplakia, tuberculosis, bacterial infections
4: hiv wasting syndrome, toxoplasmosis, pneumonia, hiv encephalopathy, opportunistic infections, hsv infection, mcv, pml
What lab tests are used to diagnose HIV infection and what is the clinical significance of viral load measurement?
Diagnosis: antigen/antibody
Manage: viral load, resistance testing, subtype, drug levels
Viral load suggests how effective the HIV treatment is being
How is HIV monitored, laboratical and clinically?
CD4 lymphocyte count increases
HIV viral load falls
Clinical features
How is HIV currently treated?
Combination antiretroviral therapy, 3 drugs from 2 groups
Prevention
- PrEP
- Post exposure Prophylaxis
What are the Opportunistic infections common in those with symptomatic HIV?
Thrush, skin changes, PJP, TB, cryptosporidiosis, kaposis, lymphoma, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcal meningitis, CMV, MAC
What are the ethical issues involved in HIV testing?
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Which infections may be transmitted by a needle stick injury?
Blood borne viruses eg hiv, hep B and hep C
What is the recommended procedure following a needle stick injury?
Encourage bleeding
Wash wound
Bandage
Report to manager and to OHS
