Influenza

Question 1

What subtypes of influenza cause illness in humans?

Answer 1

Influenza A & B

Question 2

What is the incubation period for Influenza?

Answer 2

24-96 hours

Question 3

What patient populations can influenza be lethal?

Answer 3

1) 65+ years old
2) Children <2
3) Underlying medical conditions

Question 4

What seasons is influenza most prevalent?

Answer 4

Fall and Winter

Question 5

During what time period is influenza contagious in adults?

Answer 5

From 1 day prior to symptom onset to 5–7 days after symptom onset

Question 6

At what point is influenza most contagious?

Answer 6

Within 3 days of onset

Question 7

A(H5N1) & A(H7N9) are what variant of influenza viruses?

Answer 7

Avian Influenza

Question 8

A(H1N1), A(H1N2), & A(H3N2) are what variant of influenza viruses?

Answer 8

Swine-origin Influenza

Question 9

The “H” in H1N1 identifies what distinct type of glycoprotien that surrounds the viral membrane of influenza?

Answer 9

Hemagglutinin

Question 10

The “N” in H1N1 identifies what distinct type of glycoprotien that surrounds the viral membrane of influenza?

Answer 10

Neuraminidase

Question 11

What are the 2 distinct glycoproteins which necessary for viruses to enter cells and are also how influenza undergoes periodic changes?

Answer 11

Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase

Question 12

Fever/chills (> 100.8 F), myalgias, headache, malaise, Nonproductive cough, sore throat, rhinitis, substernal soreness, nasal congestion, nasal discharge, pharyngeal inflammation without exudates, and occasionally rales on chest auscultation

Answer 12

Influenza

Question 13

Laboratory-confirmed influenza virus infection is 30%–88%, depending on the level of ______________

Answer 13

Influenza Activity

Question 14

Rapid influenza tests distinguish between what?

Answer 14

influenza A and B but not subtypes

Question 15

True or False:

During flu season, a rapid influenza test is usually not necessary with a patient who is symptomatic

Answer 15

True

Question 16

When does influenza typically resolve?

Answer 16

1-7 days but cough and malaise can persist for 2 weeks

Question 17

Treatment for Influenza

Answer 17

1) Bed rest, oral hydration, analgesics /antipyretics, and antitussives
2) Attempt to isolate the patient to the best of your ability while underway
3) While in-port, the patient should remain at home until symptoms improve
4) Oseltamivir

Question 18

What is the role of antivirals in the treatment of influenza?

Answer 18

Shorten duration of fever & other symptoms and reduce the risk of complications