influential planners Flashcards
Alfred Bettmen
attorney in Euclid v Ambler. first president of American Society of Planning Officials (1934). helped established local planning commissions in Ohio. Cincinnati Plan 1925
Daniel Burnham
Father of City Planning. 1909 Plan for Chicago. Planned the 1893 World Exp/ aka the White City which inspired the City Beautiful movement.
Paul Davidoff
Father of Advocacy planning. Also involved in the Mt Laurel Case requiring fair share of low income housing
Patrick Geddes
Father of Regional Planning. Author of Cities in Evolution
Ebenezer Howard
Garden Cities movement- Letchworth & Welwyn. In 1898 Published Tomorrow A Peaceful Path to Real Reform, republished as Garden Cities of Tomorrow in 1902
Jane Jacobs
Wrote the Death and Life of Great American Cities. advocated for mixed uses, short blocks, pedestrian scale design, safety thru eyes on the street
Pierre L’Enfant
Designed plan for Washington DC
Kevin Lynch
Author of Image of the City
defined basic concepts within a city- paths, edges, nodes, districts
Ian McHarg
Father of Modern Ecology. Wrote Design With Nature. Father of GIS- layered techniques of mapping
Robert Moses
Shaped NY region with more than 400mi of parkways. blamed for displacing people and neighborhoods with highway projects in Manhattan
Lewis Mumford
prolific author in urban planning field- The Culture of Cities. Member of Regional Planning Association of America- Sunnyside Gardens, NY & Radburn, NJ.
Worked with Clarence Stein
Frederick Law Olmsted Sr
Co-designer of Central Park in NY. Designed Riverside, IL
Frederick Law Olmsted Jr
First President of American City Planning Institute.
Clarence Perry
Neighborhood Unit Concept. Codified Unwin’s design of neighborhood. Author of the Regional Survey of NY and its Environs 1929
George Pullman
Railroad tycoon and invented the pullman railroad car. Pullman, IL was the first company town
Jacob Riis
Author of How the Other Half lives, exposing the terrible living conditions of the urban poor
Clarence Stein
Co-designer of Radburn, NJ Member of the Regional Plan Association of America, Chaired NY Commission of Housing.
Catherine Wurster
Housing advocate- called herself a houser. she was committed to raising the quality of urban life through improving shelter for low income people. Played a major role in the US Housing Act of 1937
Saul Alinsky
Author of Rule for Radicals. Community organizer.
Shelly Arnstein
Ladder of Participation- 3 levels: non-participation, tokenism, citizen power
Harland Bartholomew
first full time municipal planner (st louis 1913), developed early comprehensive plans
Edward Bassett
Author of 1916 New York City zoning code- father of zoning
Edward Bennett
Plan for San Francisco 1904
worked with Daniel Burnham on 1909 plan of Chicago
Ernest Burgess
Concentric Zone Model- urban areas grow in a series of concentric rings outward from the CBD
F. Stuart Chapin
Wrote Urban Land Use Planning 1957- common textbook on land use planning
Peter Drucker
created management by objectives (MBO)- a management process whereby superior and subordinate jointly identify their common goals, define each individuals major areas of responsibility in terms of the results expected of him, and use these measures as guides
Amitai Etziono
Author of Spirit of the Community, founder of the communitarian movement
John Friedman
Transactive Planning 1973. face to face contract instead of anonymous target community of beneficiaries; decentralized planning, people take increasing control over the social processes that govern their welfare
Joel Garreau
Wrote Edge City 1991. Edge City has at least 5 million square feet of office, 600k square feet of retail, and more jobs than bedrooms
Chauncy Harris and Edward Ullman
Multiple Nuclei Theory (1945): urban areas grow around a number of separate nuclei, which are specialized and differentiated. outside the CBD, there are smaller nodes of economic activity which then acts as a growth point.
Homer Hoyt
Sector Theory- urban areas develop in sectors along communication and transportation routes
TJ Kent
Author of Urban General Plan- classic text book on history, purpose, scope, clients and use of comprehensive plans
Norman Krumholz
father of equity planning. Cleveland planning director 1969-1979
John Logan & Harvey Molotch
City as a Growth Machine Theory- urban development is directed by elite members of community who control resources and who must benefit from development
George Perkins Marsh
Author of Man and Nature 1864- explored the destructive impact of human action on environment and inspired the conservation movement
Gifford Pinchot
America’s first professionally trained forester, first director of the US forest Service 1905
James Rouse
Design for Columbia, MD; indoor shopping malls and festival marketplaces (Inner Harbor)
Charles Abrams
urban planner & housing expert, created the NYC Housing & Development Administration. Opposed Robert Moses
Walter Christaller
Central Place Theory 1933- attempts to explain the size and distribution of cities visualized as a pattern of hexagons and networks
Jean Gottmann
authored Megalopolis 1961 where he described northeast US from Boston to DC as one metropolitan area
William Whyte
studied behavior of people in urban places- this work led to the “Street life project” which looked at pedestrians and city dynamics. The Project for Public Places is based on this work.
