Influences on Migration

Question 1

What are the 3 influences on migration trends in the UK?

Answer 1

• globalisation
• push and pull factors
• immigration controls and border policy

Question 2

What do Held and McGrew believe about how globalisation has affected migration trends?

Answer 2

Globalisation is the growing interconnected-ness between countries. More connected through trade links, travel and technology. Legal migration, common place for people to move for work. Transport has made travelling easier and more accessible. Tech makes it easy to investigate other countries.
Illegal migration. Commonplace for trafficking gangs to advertise online and it is easier to traffic people via trade links

Question 3

Evaluation of the view that globalisation is a significant factor in influencing migration?

Answer 3

• people need qualifications, money and resources to migrate
• illegal immigration doesn’t work as people are caught and deported back

Question 4

How do push and pull factors affect migration trends?

Answer 4

Push factor = drives a person out of their home country. War, famine e.c.t.
Pull factor = something that draws people towards a country. Jobs, standard of living, healthcare. Can also include family and the English language

Question 5

Evaluation of the view that push and pull factors are a significant factor in affecting migration?

Answer 5

• U.K. is now less attractive as government has made it harder to migrate
• people may find it easier to find employment opportunities in their home country

Question 6

How do immigration policy and border control affect migration trends?

Answer 6

Each country has its own border controls. In the EU, any citizen can freely move between member states. In the UK now however, free movement is longer accessible. Proportion of migrants entering UK is smaller, in the UK a migrant must have secured a job paying £20,800 per year. UK also strict against asylum seekers with 42% of claims being rejected in 2019

Question 7

Evaluation of the view that immigration control and border policy is a significant factor in affecting migration?

Answer 7

• border control doesn’t necessarily stop illegal immigration
• immigration policy can damage emigration as well as immigration

Question 8

What are the 3 effects of migration on society and the family?

Answer 8

• impact on population growth
• impact on dependency ratio
• cultural diversity

Question 9

How does migration impact the population growth?

Answer 9

Migration contributes more to population growth than natural causes. 56% of population growth since 1991 has been due to migration. Furthermore, women from migrant backgrounds are more likely to have more children

Question 10

Evaluation points for the impact of migration on population growth?

Answer 10

P - stronger workforce

N - housing crisis made worse

Question 11

How does migration impact the dependency ratio?

Answer 11

The dependency ratio refers to number of people of working age that are in employment to those who are not. Migrants tend to be younger and want to work so therefore go in the independent section. However, migrant women tend to have more children, negatively impacting the dependency ratio. On the other hand, migrants tend to go back to their place of origin for retirement, therefore they do not become dependent on the state

Question 12

Evaluation points for the impact of migration on the dependency ratio?

Answer 12

P - most migrants work and pay tax and most migrants retire back positively impacting the dependency ratio
N - migrant women tend to have mote children, increasing the size of the dependent population

Question 13

How does migration impact cultural diversity (Berthoud (2003))?

Answer 13

Migration leads to diversity within the UK. Can impact shallow diversity, and deep diversity.
Migration has led to cultural diversity within the UK since the 1950s. Asian families are more likely to have bigger families and live in extended households compared to other ethnic groups.
Black migrants are more likely to be single parent households, especially women

Question 14

What is shallow diversity?

Answer 14

Refers to the superficial differences migration can make. For example different types of food, clothes and music. More likely to be embraced

Question 15

What is deep diversity?

Answer 15

Refers to more significant differences migration can make. For example, different religions, dress codes and martial practices. Less likely to be embraced by the native public

Question 16

What are the 2 impacts of migration on migrants themselves?

Answer 16

• feminisation of migration

- migrant identities

Question 17

Explain the impact of migrant in terms of feminisation of migration?

Answer 17

Feminists note that in recent years there has been a surge in female migration. Historically, the majority was men but now it’s 50/50. Women who migrate to the U.K. often take up roles of nannies and cleaners.

However, women are more vulnerable to be trafficked by people into illegal trades. In 2013, there were many raids into nail bars in which they were using migrants as prostitutes during the night

Question 18

Evaluation points for the feminisation of migration?

Answer 18

P - women face more opportunity than at home

N - some women do not find work and become economically disadvantaged.

Question 19

Evaluation points for the impact of migration on cultural diversity?

Answer 19

P - more food, more vibrant country

N - insult to British values

Question 20

What does Eade (2006) find about how migration impacts migrant identities?

Answer 20

Eade (2006) points out that moving to another country can have an impact on the migrant themselves. First is a hybrid identity. Second is transnational identity and the final category is hierarchal identity.

Question 21

What is a hybrid identity according to Eade (2006)?

Answer 21

A hybrid identity is where an individual fully commits to integrating to their new nation, whilst still being proud of their home nation.

Question 22

What is a transnational identity according to Eade (2006)?

Answer 22

Where an individual does not feel they are part of any one country

Question 23

What is a hierarchal identity according to Eade (2006)?

Answer 23

Where the individual sees one part of their identity being more important than the rest. Religion for example.

Question 24

What are the 2 government policies the government can implement in response to migration?

Answer 24

• assimilation

- multi-culturalism

Question 25

What is assimilation?

Answer 25

Where the government tries to make migrants adapt to their new country. Approach was common in Britain where migrants were invited to attend Saturday School in order to learn “Queens English”
In France, they ban Muslim women wearing a veil in public

Question 26

What is multi-culturalism?

Answer 26

Where the host nation actively embraces and celebrates the culture of minority groups. Common in Britain where different cultures are taught in school.