Influence of Biosychosocial factors on visual perception Flashcards
photoreceptors definition
the sensory receptors of the eye, which receive light and convert this sensory information into a form that can be sent to the brain.
types of photo receptors
rods: photoreceptors that allow someone to see in a low level of light
cones: photoreceptors that allow someone to see colour and fine detail in well- lit conditions
Biological features affecting visual perception
- genetics
- injury
- age
- other biological reasons
depth perception definition
the ability to judge distances and see the world in three dimensions
monocular depth cues defenition
require only one eyes to send information to the brain to perceive depth
( including accomodation, motion parallax, picotiral depth cues)
monocular depth cues - accommodation
our lense bulging and flattening according to how far away an object is
monocular depth cues- motion parallax
our perception of movement to help us gage how far away things are
monocular depth cues- pictorial
relative size, heights in visual feild, linear perspective, interposition ( overlap ), texture gradient
Binocular Depth cues - definition
require both eyes to send information to the Brian to perceive depth
( including convergence and retinal disparity )
bioncular depth cues- convergence
the inward turning of the eyes, which is detected by the brain as tension changes in the muscle surrounding the eye. the further away an object, the less inward turning of the eye vise versa.
bioncular depth cues- retinal disparity
the brain detecting similarity and differences between the information being sent from each eye, due to the pupils of our eye being 6-7 cm apart.
psychological factors that affect visual perception
- perceptual set ( past experience, motivations, memory, context )
- gesalt principles
- visual constancies
perceptual set - past experience
informing our ideas and expectations about the world ( top- down ).
shape which stimuli appear to be the most salient ( bottom - up )
perceptual set- motivation
influences by individuals desire, we will perceive certain stimuli that align with our goals or more salient. the stimuli that becomes salient will be directed by our past experience and expectations ( top- down )
visual constancies definition
our ability to perceive visual objects as staying the same, even though they may appear to change or do change in our sensation.
visual constancies- shape
helps us to realise that the shape has not change we are just perceiving something from a different angle
visual constancies- size
allows us to perceive something as remaining their realistic size rather than shrinking
visual constancies- brightness
if you are walking at night despite the colours looking darker, you know they havent changed.
three visual constancies
- shape
- size
- brightness
perceptual set - context
the situation or conditions in which sometimes occurs, when discussing in relation to visual perception, it is location and circumstances in which the visual stimuli are being processed.
Gestalt principles definition
a particular set of visual perception principles
( figure - ground, closure, similarity, proximity )
gestalt principles- figure ground
describes the tendency to perceive part of a visual stimulus as more relevant ( the figure ) as standing out against it less relevant surroundings ( the ground )
gestalt principles - closure
our ability to close up, fill in, or ignore gaps in visual stimuli and perceive objects as a meaningful whole, helping us to perceive incomplete stimuli
gestalt principles- similarity
the tendency to group together as a whole stimuli that are alike in size, shape, or color.
