inflammatory response Flashcards
what are the main components of blood that are relevant to the immune system
the main components of the blood relevant to the immune system include plasma, the buffer coat (which contains leukocytes and platelets), and erythrocytes. leukocytes or white blood cells, are critical for immune responses and include various types of lymphocytes and granulocytes
describe the role of cytokines in the immune system
cytokines are small proteins that regulate intensity and duration of the immune response, they act through autocrine, paracrine and endocrine modes of action to control the behaviour of immune cells, including promoting inflammation, cellular recruitment and activation of immune response
what’s the difference between innate and adaptive immunity
innate immunity provides immediate, non specific defense mechanisms that are present at birth. it involves barriers, cellular responses and proteins that do not adapt to specific pathogens. in contrast adaptive immunity develops after exposure to specific antigens, involves specific responses and provides long lasting protection through memory cells
how do toll like receptors TLRs contribute to the immune response
toll like receptors are critical components of the innate immune system that recognise pathogen associated molecular patterns PAMPs such as bacterial lipoproteins and unmethylated dna . TLRs help initiate immune responses by activating immune cells and promoting secretion of cytokines upon recognition of pathogens
what are pathogen associated molecular pattern PAMPs and examples
thses are molecules associated with groups of pathogens that are recognised by cells of the innate immune system
examples
- mannose
- lipopolysaccharides - LPS
peptidoglycan
- bacterium l flagellum
