Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Physiopathology > Systemic Lupus & Sclerosis > Flashcards

Systemic Lupus & Sclerosis Flashcards

(66 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Is systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) inflammatory?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the three most common autoimmune diseases?

A
  1. Rheumatoid arthritis
  2. Systemic lupus erythematosus
  3. Systemic sclerosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which systems/anatomical structures are affected by lupus?

A

Primarily affects skin, joints, and kidneys

affects collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which sex is more predominantly affected by lupus?
Of which ethnicity?

A

Females (9:1)
African descent groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the age of onset for lupus?

A

Late teens to 40 years of age

20s-30s onset with a 7 year diagnosis lag

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Lupus is often mis-/over-diagnosed as ___

A

fibromyalgia

fatigue case with general and diffuse achiness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the suspected etiology of lupus?

A
  • Probably genetic component (but doesn’t have to be)
  • May be induced by some medications (such as pain killers and antibiotics)
  • May be triggered by exposure to UV light
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the general symptoms of lupus?

A

Gradual onset of:

  • Fever
  • Malaise
  • Anorexia
  • Weight loss
  • Alopecia (spotty)
  • Pain and swelling (like rheumatoid arthritis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Lupus comes with aches, pains, and fatigue.
Pain comes in a ___ pattern.

A

migratory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Lupus often presents as a self-limiting form of ___

A

rheumatic disorder

pain and swelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How is lupus’ pain and swelling of the hands different from that of rheumatoid arthritis?

A
  • Deformity without arthropathy
  • No pannus
  • No degeneration

do many labs to differentiate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are some physical effects of lupus on joint structure?

A
  • Non-erosive synovitis (and tenosynovitis)
  • Spontaneous tendon rupture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

There is joint involvement in ___% of patients with lupus (polyarthralgia).

A

90%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Lupus causes marrow fibrosis.
What will be the evidence of this found in labs?

A

Anemia of chronic disease

normocytic, normochromic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A patient presents with pain and swelling, much like rheumatoid arthritis. They report that “everything hurts”. Upon examination, you find they have a fever evidence of vasculitis. With more questioning, the patient reports a painful butterfly rash that is accentuated by sunlight.
What is the likely diagnosis?

A

Lupus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A patient presents with spotty hair loss and is noticeably less heavy than you last saw them. They report joint pain and you find that multiple joints are swollen. They also mention that their hands get very white with any temperature drop. Furthermore, they sometimes find erythema on their neck, elbows, and hands.
What is the likely diagnosis?

A

Lupus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A patient with lupus presents with a spontaneous tendon rupture.
What are the consequences of this injury?

A
  • Deformity without arthropathy
  • Attacks collagen, non-erosive
  • Eventual arthritis as instability increases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Lupus has led to deposition of immune complexes and fibrinoid materials in small arteries and arterioles. This has thickened and narrowed small blood vessels.
What is the term for this?

A

Acute necrotizing vasculitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

lupus

How might necrotizing vasculitis affect the kidneys?

A

Leads to fibrosis of kidneys (glomerular damage) and eventually renal failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

lupus

Acute vasculitis of serosal membranes may lead to ___

A

ulceration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are some of lupus’ effects on the skin?

A
  • Erythema that flares up with other symptoms
  • Painful butterfly rash over bridge of nose and cheeks
  • Sunlight accentuates lesions
  • May appear on neck, elbows, and hands (vasculitis will lead to necrosis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Is lupus joint involvement bilateral or unilateral?

A

Bilateral and symmetrical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which joints are primarily affected by lupus?

A
  • Hands
  • Wrists
  • Knees
  • Shoulders

usually distal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are some deformities that may present with lupus?

A
  • Swan neck
  • Boutonniere
  • Hitch-hiker thumb

also seen in rheumatoid arthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Lupus can cause reversible subluxations in hands. How does this occur?
* Ligamentous rupture * Non-erosive synovitis
26
Are hand deformities from lupus reversible?
Subluxations are reversible | deformity without arthropathy ## Footnote rheumatoid arthritis deformity is rigid
27
What is non-erosive synovitis as found in hands affected by lupus?
Inflammation of synovial membrane without loss of cartilage or subchondral bone
28
Lupus can cause ___ instability in the spine
atlanto-axial ## Footnote get flexion-extension radiographs
29
In the case of lupus, what are some conditions resulting from vasculitis?
* Soft tissue necrosis and calcifications * Osteonecrosis
30
What x-rays are needed before treating a lupus patient? What are some restrictions on adjusting this patient?
Need cervical flexion extension x-rays before any treatment No manipulation of upper cervical spine
31
#lupus How does Boutonniere deformity appear radiographically?
Proximal interphalangeal joint is flexed while distal interphalangeal joint is extended
32
#lupus How does swan neck deformity appear radiographically?
Proximal interphalangeal joint is extended while distal interphalangeal joint is flexed
33
How does soft tissue calcification appear in lupus? What do these areas represent?
Appear diffuse Represent areas of necrosis
34
# lupus: osteonecrosis Which imaging modality is most helpful to see avascular necrosis?
MRI ## Footnote acutely alive and acutely dead bone look radiographically the same
35
Patients with a diagnosis of lupus have more pain in areas of ___ blood supply
less ## Footnote e.g. avascular necrosis in epiphyses
36
Patients unaware that they have lupus have what sort of complaint? How do they recreate the pain?
Report joint pain Not reproducible with orthopedic tests because it's actually bone pain
37
What are three features that may be seen in the hip joint of a patient with lupus?
1. Sclerosis 2. Flattening 3. Fragmentation
38
What are the ESR and CRP levels in someone with systemic lupus erythematosus?
Both elevated
39
Why do those with chronic lupus experience anemia of chronic disease?
Bone marrow fibrosis
40
Are those with lupus positive or negative for RF factor?
Negative
41
What are the genetic indications for lupus?
* Anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) * Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) (positive in 95%) | ANA is not specific
42
Lupus can decrease renal function. What may be found upon urinalysis of someone with lupus?
Elevated creatinine ## Footnote will need regular labs
43
What are some treatments for lupus?
* Corticosteroids (short-term) or other drug therapy * Mediterranian diet (anti-inflammatory) * Education * Soft tissue work * Low impact activity * Do not adjust an unstable joint
44
Systemic sclerosis is a collagen vascular disorder, similar to ___
lupus
45
Systemic sclerosis involves excess deposition of ___ causing ___. A major component of this is ___.
deposition of **collagen** causing **organ fibrosis** major component is **vasculitis**
46
What is the age of onset for systemic sclerosis? Which sex is primarily affected by systemic sclerosis?
Onset 40-50 years of age Primarily females
47
Is the onset of systemic sclerosis earlier or later than lupus?
Later onset
48
Systemic sclerosis has ___ involvement 80% of the time.
GI
49
What are some ways the GI system is involved in systemic sclerosis?
* Xerostomia (desert mouth) * Loss of peristalsis (difficulty swallowing) * Severe reflux (GERD, Barret esophagus, esophageal carcinoma)
50
What is considered the most common cause of death from lupus?
Renal failure
51
What is the most common cause of death from systemic sclerosis?
Lung disease | COPD, emphysema
52
Which systems are most commonly affected by systemic sclerosis fibrosis?
* Pulmonary * Renal * Cardiac
53
How does systemic sclerosis affect the kidneys and in turn, the cardiovascular system?
Renal insufficiency and malignant hypertension | RAAS
54
What are some musculoskeletal symptoms associated with systemic sclerosis?
* Swelling * Arthralgia * Synovitis * Loss of AROM * Deformity without arthropathy ## Footnote affects many joints
55
Systemic sclerosis is overdiagnosed as ___
fibromyalgia
56
Systemic sclerosis involves increasing ___ (cell) activity.
fibroblastic
57
How might the skin appear as a result of increased fibroblastic activity due to systemic sclerosis?
Tight, leathery skin without sweat or oil glands
58
How might vasculitis due to systemic sclerosis appear?
Raynaud phenomenon in finger and toe tips, ears, and nose
59
Systemic sclerosis involves a combination of fibroblastic and vascular changes. What are some of these combined changes?
* Acro-osteolysis (finger/toe tips erode, cheekbones and chin erode) * Soft tissue calcifications (of necrosed areas and high contact areas) * Loss of facial expression (due to tight skin)
60
Systemic sclerosis calcifications appear first in ___ areas.
high traffic
61
What are the ESR and CRP levels in a patient with systemic sclerosis?
Both elevated
62
Will systemic sclerosis lead to anemia?
Yes, anemia of chronic disease | due to marrow fibrosis
63
Is systemic sclerosis RF positive or negative?
Negative
64
Systemic sclerosis patients are ___ postive 90% of the time.
ANA | not specific finding
65
Systemic sclerosis decreases renal function. What may be found in a urinalysis of a patient with systemic sclerosis?
Elevated creatinine ## Footnote RAAS effect will also cause hypertension
66
Is systemic sclerosis inflammatory?
Yes

Musculoskeletal Physiopathology (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions