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NSC 386 > Inflammatory Heart Disease > Flashcards

Inflammatory Heart Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of Infective Endocarditis

A
  1. IV drug use; 2. Prosthetic Valves; 3. Invasive Catheters;
  2. Aging; 5. Hemodialysis; 6. Cardiac Conditions
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2
Q

S/S Infective Endocarditis

A

Low-grade fever; Flu-like symptoms; Clubbing of fingers;
New or changing heart murmur; splinter hemorrhages; Petechiae;
Osler’s Nodes; Janesway’s Lesions; Roth’s Spots

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3
Q

Most common murmur found w/ infective endocarditis

A

Mitral valve

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4
Q

Microembolization of vegetation breakes off and settles in tissues. Seen in finger nails

A

Splinter hemorrhage’s

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5
Q

Microembolization of vegetation in trunk, ankles and feet

A

Petechiae

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6
Q

Painful lesions on finger tips/toes; Inflammatory response

A

Osler’s Nodes

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7
Q

Flat, painless red spots on palms/soles of feet; irregular shaped

A

Janesway’s Lesions

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8
Q

Small, whitish spots on retina seen w/ eye exams

A

Roth’s Spots

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9
Q

Complications of Infective Endocarditis

A

Heart failure; embolization of vegetation

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10
Q

Signs of embolization to spleen

A

Sharp LUQ pain

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11
Q

Decreased UOP, flank pain, increased BUN/Creatinine indicates embolism of vegetation to….

A

Kidneys

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12
Q

SOA, Chest pain, anxiety, decreased o2 saturation is indicative of embolization of vegetation to

A

Lungs (Pulmonary Embolism)

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13
Q

Level of consciousness changes, vision changes suggests embolization of vegetation to

A

Brain

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14
Q

Pain, altered sensation, shiny skin, cool, decreased pulse indicated embolization of vegetation to

A

Blood vessels (arterial)

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15
Q

Diagnostics for Infective endocarditis

A

Health history; Positive blood cultures; new or changing murmur; vegetation seen on echocardiogram; mild increase in WBCs; Increase in ESR

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16
Q

Collaborative Care for Infective Endocarditis

A

Antibiotics; Blood Cultures; Treat Fever; Valve Replacement

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17
Q

Nursing Care for Infective Endocarditis

A

Throrough H&P;
Antibiotic Administration;
Watch for Complications;
Provide teaching

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18
Q

What are some important things to look for with history and physical? (Infective Endocarditis)

A

Recreational drug use; Cardiac Conditions (Valve replacement); Recent Dental Work?; fever, chills, Petechiae

19
Q

What are some things the nurse should watch out for related to complications with infective endocarditis?

A

Neuro - Decreased LOC
Renal - hematuria, decreased UOP, flank pain;
Pulmonary - SOA, decreased sats;
Others - LUQ pain, arterial occlusion

20
Q

What are some things the nurse can teach to prevent patient from developing infective endocarditis again?

A

Stop drugs; clean needles; take antibiotics;

Inform provider before invasive dental procedure or any procedure

21
Q

Nursing diagnoses for Infective Endocarditis

A

Decreased cardiac output;
Hyperthermia;
Activity Intolerance

22
Q

Causes of pericarditis

A

Viral/bacterial;
Acute MI;
lupus; cancer/radiation; Drug reactions;
Trauma (pacemaker insertion, central catheter placement)

23
Q

S/S Pericarditis

A

Chest pain; Dyspnea; Fever; Anxiety; Pericardial Friction Rub

24
Q

Hallmark signs of pericarditis

A

Pericardial friction rub - scratchy/grating/high-pitched sound

25
Q

What is the difference between MI chest pain and pericardial chest pain?

A

Chest pain w/ pericarditis is positional;
Worsens w/ inspiration or laying flat;
Relieved by sitting up and leaning forward

26
Q

Diagnostic Studies for pericarditis

A

ECG; Echo; CXR; ESR and CRP (inflammatory markers)

27
Q

Collaborative Care Pericarditis

A

ID and Treat cause;

Treat Pain and Inflammation

28
Q

Complications of Pericarditis

A

Pericardial Effusion;

Cardiac Tamponade

29
Q

Large collection of fluid that can compress the heart that can compress the heart structures.

A

Pericardial effusion

30
Q

Where does pericardial effusion typically collect

A

At apex

31
Q

Sign of chronic/progressive pericardial effusion

A

Distant heart sounds

32
Q

Pressure in heart leading to inability to pump; result of increasing volume of pericardial effusion

A

Cardiac tamponade

33
Q

S/S Cardiac Tamponade

A 
Beck’s Triad: 
1. Hypotension
2. Muffled Heart Sounds
3. JVD
Also: increased HR, Narrow pulse pressure, pulses paradoxus
34
Q

A decrease in systolic blood pressure greater than 10 mmHg during inspiration signifies…

A

Pulsus paradoxus

35
Q

Nursing Care for Cardiac Tamponade

A

Gas Exchange
Perfusion
Cardiac Function

36
Q

Collaborative care for cardiac tamponade

A

Pericardiocentesis;
Watch for pneumothorax and dysrhythmias;
Pericardial window for recurrent tamponade

37
Q

Nursing care for pericarditis

A

Manage acute pain; Watch for ineffective breathing pattern; watch for complication (cardiac tamponade); provide education

38
Q

What education can nurse provide to someone with pericarditis

A

Take NSAIDs as scheduled around the clock to reduce inflammation

39
Q

Inflammatory disease in response to group A strep pharyngitis

A

Rheumatic Fever

40
Q

S/S Rheumatic Fever

A

Fever; joint pain; erythema marginatum; carditis

41
Q

Red, flat rash on trunk, upper arms and legs, painless

A

Erythema marginatum

42
Q

How long after strep infection does rheumatic fever present?

A

2-3 weeks

43
Q

Diagnostic Studies for Rheumatic Fever

A

Positive Throat Culture; ASO Tiger; Increased ESR & CRP; Echo; CXR

44
Q

Nursing Care Rheumatic Fever

A

Prevention;
Penicillin/Cephalosporins;
Anti-inflammatories and Corticosteroids;
Prophylactic antibiotic treatments for medical procedures

NSC 386 (11 decks)

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