Inflammatory Conditions and Tumours of the Penis Flashcards
What are the categories for disorders of the penis?
1. Congenital anomalies 2, Inflammation 3. Tumours 4. Erectile dysfunction 5. Trauma
Inflammatory conditions of the penis usually involve which parts of the penis
- glans
- prepuce
- urethra
How do inflammatory conditions of the penis usually present?
- Specific: Usually infections
- Non specific
- urethral discharge
- genital ulcer
What is the term for inflammation of the glans?
balanitis
What is the term for the inflammation of the glans + prepuce?
balanoposthitis
What is the term for the inflammation of the urethra?
urethritis
Name viral penile infections?
- herpes simplex
2. human papilloma virus
Name bacterial penile infections?
- Gonorrhoea
- chancroid
- granuloma inguinale
- lymphogranuloma venereum
Name spirochetes penile infections?
syphilis
Name fungal penile infections?
candida
- due to poor hygiene
An infection by HSV is usually caused by?
Sexual transmission by HSV-2
- But HSV-1 can also cause disease
HSV is characterised by?
- Painful vesicles on mucous membranes and penile skin
- Later ulcerate
Gonorrhoea is caused by?
Neisseria gonorrhoea
- gram negative bacteria
- Sexually transmitted
What is the clinical presentation of Gonorrhoea?
- Can be asymptomatic and go untreated
- When symptomatic cause
- urethral discharge: white to yellow
- dysuria
What part of the penis does Gonorrhoea affect predominantly?
urethra
What are the possible complications of Gonorrhoea?
urethral strictures
- scarring that narrows the tube restricting the flow of urine from the bladder
What is chancroid?
- Acute sexually transmitted infection
- Most common cause of genital ulcers
- Caused by haemophilus ducreyi
Describe the clinical presentation of chancroid?
- Tender erythematous papule involving glans and prepuce or penile skin
- Later irregular ulcer with yellow grey exudate at base
- Draining lymphnodes (inguinal) enlarge and may ulcerate also
- Heals by scarring
What is Granuloma inguinale/Donovanosis?
- Chronic inflammatory disease
- Sexually transmitted
- Caused by Calymmatobacterium donovani
Describe the clinical presentation of Granuloma inguinale/Donovanosis?
- Begin as raised papular lesion
- Ulcer with abundant granulation tissue forming a protuberant soft painless mass
- Scars with strictures can complicate disease
What is lymphogranuloma venereum?
- Caused by Chlamydia trachomatis
- Sexually transmitted
Describe the clinical presentation of lymphogranuloma venereum?
- Chronic ulcerative disease and urethritis
- Urethritis: Mucopurulent discharge(pus)
- Skin: initially small often unnoticed papule on skin
- With growth of organisms draining lymphnodes become swollen and and rupture
What is syphilis caused by?
caused by Treponema pallidum
- Genital syphilis usually manifests with symptoms in primary syphilis
What is the clinical presentation of syphilis?
- 3 weeks after contact: single firm, non tender red raised lesion of penile skin or glans
- Chancre heals even without therapy
- But spirochetes are in blood and lymphatics
What condition does candida cause?
balanoposthitis
What is the cause of candida?
- Poor hygiene in uncircumcised males
- With build up of smegma: sloughed epithelial cells and debris which is a good medium for candida proliferation
What is condylomata acuminatum?
Benign tumour (genital warts) caused by Human papilloma virus(HPV) - Low risk HPV 6 and 11
Describe the clinical presentation of condylomata acuminatum?
- Occur on skin, inner surface of prepuce
- Single or multiple pedunculated, papillary excrescences
- There is no dysplasia
Benign tumours are caused by?
commonly condylomata acuminatum
- Preneoplastic conditions
What is the common cancer of the penis?
squamous cell carcinoma
Describe squamous cell carcinoma of the penis?
- Usually preceeded by preneoplastic proliferation (dysplasias)
- Mild, moderate, full thickness dysplasia
- Full thickness dysplasia also called Bowen’s disease.
- Associations: High risk HPV 16 and 18
Describe the epidemiology of squamous cell carcinomas of the penis?
young patients with advent of HIV