Inflammatory Conditions

Question 1

Breast tissue is modified sweat gland embryologically derived from the

Answer 1

skin

Question 2

Breast tissue can develop anywhere only the milks line which runs from the

Answer 2

axilla to the vulva (i.e. supernumerary nipples)

Question 3

what is the functional unit of the breast?

Answer 3

terminal duct lobular unit

Question 4

lobules make milk that drains via ducts to the

Answer 4

nipple

Question 5

Lobules and ducts in the breast are lined by how many layers of epithelium?

Answer 5

2

Question 6

What do you call the inner cell layer lining the ducts and lobules that is responsible for milk production in the lobules?

Answer 6

Luminal cell layer

Question 7

What do you call the outer cell layer lining the ducts and lobules that has contractile function that propels milk towards the nipple?

Answer 7

Myoepithelial cell layer

Question 8

Before puberty, male and female breast tissue primarily consists of

Answer 8

large ducts under the nipple

Question 9

breast development in women after menarche is primarily driven by

Answer 9

estrogen and progesterone

Question 10

after menarche, lobules and small ducts form and are present in highest density in the

Answer 10

upper outer quadrant

Question 11

during pregnancy, breast lobules undergo

Answer 11

hyperplasia

Question 12

breast hyperplasia is driven by estrogen and progesterone produced by WHAT?

Answer 12

corpus luteum (early first trimester)
fetus
placenta (later in pregnancy_

Question 13

after menopause, breast tissue undergoes

Answer 13

atrophy

Question 14

what do you call milk production outside of lactation?

Answer 14

glactorrhea

Question 15

three causes of galactorrhea?

Answer 15

1. nipple stimulation (common physiologic cause)
2. prolactinoma of the anterior pituitary
3. Drugs

Question 16

acute mastitis is a bacterial infection of the breast, usually dour to what bug?

Answer 16

Staph aureus

Question 17

Acute mastitis is associated with

Answer 17

breast feeding bc fissures develop in the nipple providing a route of entry for microbes

Question 18

Presentation of acute mastitis

Answer 18

Erythematous breast with purulent nipple discharge; may progress to abscess formation

Question 19

Treatment of acute mastitis

Answer 19

Continued drainage (e.g. feeding) and antibiotics (e.g. dicloxacillin)

Question 20

What do you call inflammation of the subareolar ducts?

Answer 20

periductal mastitis

Question 21

in what population do you mostly see periductal mastitis?

Answer 21

smokers

Question 22

In periductal mastitis, WHAT results in squamous metaplasia of lactiferous ducts, producing duct blockage and inflammation

Answer 22

relative vitamin A deficiency

Question 23

periductal mastitis clinical presentation

Answer 23

subareolar mass with nipple retraction

Question 24

inflammation with dilation (ectasia) of the subareolar ducts;

Answer 24

mammary duct ectasia

Question 25

mammary duct ectasia is rare, but classically arises in what population?

Answer 25

multiparous postmenopausal women

Question 26

Clinical presentation of mammary duct ectasia

Answer 26

periareolar mass with green-brown nipple discharge (inflammatory debris)

Question 27

mammary duct ectasia on biopsy

Answer 27

chronic inflammation with plasma cells