inflammatory bowl diseases (SG 2) Flashcards
gastroenteritis
inflammation of the stomach + intestines, most often r/t viral / bacterial infection
VIRAL: caused by parovirus organisms transmitted F/O route; norovirus is common, transmitted F/O / respiratory route and can cause hypovolemia / electrolyte imbalance
causes cell death + malabsorption + watery diarrhea
BACTERIAL: caused by campylobacter, e. coli, shigellosis and transmitted F/O route / food / water; can cause inflammation, ulceration, dysentery / secretory diarrhea
preventing GE
assess your environment; close proximity, many people, etc.,
proper handwashing
proper sanitization of surfaces
proper food and beverage prep
recognizing signs of GE
ASSESS:
patient’s recent travel / restaurant hx, NV, diarrhea, cramps, electrolyte imbalance (POTASSIUM weakness, cardiac dysrhythmias), hypovolemia (dehydration), dec. BP
interventions for GE
fluid replacement + oral rehydration
NO suppressing drugs for intestinal motility (want to get the waste OUT)
using caution for older adults; their GI tract moves slower
use of AB (ciprofloxacin, azithromycin)
skin care
ulcerative colitis
chronic inflammation throughout the rectum/recto-sigmoid colon (LI); may experience periodic remissions and exacerbations
results d/t creation of ulcers in the inner surface of intestine, leading to inflammation
risk factor for UC
HEREDITARY
considered an AID
over 3 million have IBS, 1/2 have UC
common dx age = 20-35
inc. colon cancer risk
recognizing signs of UC
ASSESS:
HX ➺ diet, bowel patterns, AB experience, alcohol / caffeine intake
S+S ➺ bloody stool / diarrhea, low grade fever, abdominal cramps / distention, tenesmus (urge to poop); arthritis, anemia, blurry vision, skin disorders, mouth sores
LABS:
H+H (bloody stool), WBC / CR protein / ESR (infection / inflammation), electrolyte imbalances (Na, K, Cl), albumin (protein; hyperalbumenia)
tx of UC
SURGERY; restorative procto-colectomy (remove LI and create pouch / anus) or total P-C / ileostomy
NPO / TPN
stoma
*always assess for potential lower GI bleeding
crohn’s disease and complications
chronic inflammation that affects entire GI tract (mostly SI/LI) that causes a thickened bowel wall
involves skip lesions
considered AID
has the potential to create fistulas (tunnel between two organs that should not be connected)
COMPLICATIONS:
hemorrhages, severe malabsorption, cancer, debilitation
recognizing signs of CD
ASSESS:
HX ➺ smoking, family hx, high fat / sugar diet
weight loss, different stool characteristics, fever, abdominal pain (RLQ), diarrhea, tachycardia, distention, ANEMIA
LABS:
relatively same as UC
tx of CD
INTERVENTIONS:
low fat / sugar diet, inc. fiber + veggies + fruits, NO smoking, monitor BM / characteristics
MEDS:
5-aminosalicytates, glucocort
