basic pharmacology (SG 1) Flashcards
study guide [one]
drug
any chemical that effects the physiological processes of a living organism
drug
any chemical that affects the physiological processes of a living organism
drug classifications
grouped based on similar properties
1.) structure (EX: beta blockers)
- subclass (EX: selective, non-selective)
2.) therapeutic (EX: antibiotic)
- subclass (EX: penicillin)
- prototype drug: first drug in the class of drugs
pharmaceutics
study of how various drug forms influence the way in which the drug effects the body
pharmacokinetics
study of what the BODY does to the drug
*ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion)
absorption
how the drug is absorbed into the bloodstream
- measured as bioavailability (extent of drug absorption)
- may be affected by the FIRST-PASS EFFECT, where a large proportion of the drug is changed into inactive metabolites by the liver (smaller bioavailability)
distribution
transport of the drug to site of action via bloodstream
- ALBUMIN is the most common blood protein; carries most protein bound drug molecules
pharmacodynamics
study of what the DRUG does to the body
metabolism
- biochemical alteration of a drug into an inactive metabolite, more soluble compound, more potent active metabolite (inactive prodrug to active form), or less active metabolite
- also known as biotransformation
excretion
elimination of drugs from the body, primarily via renal excretion
- biliary excretion (bile)
- bowel excretion (feces)
half-life
the time it takes for the amount of a drug’s active substance in your body to reduce by half
PEAK: highest concentration of med
TROUGH: lowest concentration of med
pharmacogenetics / pharmacogenomics
study of how all genes affect how a person responds to a drug
pharmacotherapeutics
clinical use of drugs to prevent and treat diseases; defines the principle of drug actions
tolerance
decreasing response to repeated drug dosages
dependence
physiological / psychological need for a drug
physical dependence
*NOT ADDICTION
physiological need for a drug to avoid physical withdrawal symptoms
psychological dependence
*ADDICTION
obsessive desire for euphoric effects of a drug
drug interactions [4]
additive: 1 + 1 = 2
synergistic: 1 + 1 > 2
antagonistic: 1 + 1 < 2
incompatibility
adverse drug reactions [7]
pharmacological: the body’s expected reaction to a drug
hypersensitivity: an allergic reaction to a drug
idiosyncratic: abnormal, unexpected response to a medication
drug interaction: when one drug alters the effects / actions of another drug when taken together
*teratogenic: ability of a drug to cause birth defects to a fetus
*mutagenic: ability of a drug to cause a genetic mutation by causing changes / damage to DNA
- carcinogenic: ability of a drug to cause cancer of increase the risk of developing cancer
