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Inflammatory bowel disease Flashcards

1
Q

Which part of the colon wall do the different types of IBD affect?

A
  1. Ulcerative colitis: Only mucosa

2. Crohn’s: Transmural

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2
Q

What are other colitides?

A
  1. Microscopic colitis
  2. Diversion colitis (colon excluded)
  3. Diverticular colitis
  4. Pouchitis
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3
Q

Which part of the GI tract does UC/Crohn’s affect?

A

UC: Colon alone

Crohn’s: Any part of the GI tract

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4
Q

Which has skip lesions, UC or Crohn’s?

A

Crohn’s. In contrast, UC starts in the rectum, then progresses proximally up the bowel

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5
Q

Which has surgery as an option, UC or Crohn’s?

A

UC b/c it only involves the colon

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6
Q

Which has perianal disease, UC or Crohn’s?

A

Crohn’s

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7
Q

Which has more complications (strictures, fistulas, abscesses?) UC or Crohn’s?

A

Crohn’s

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8
Q

What’s the difference in mucosal histology between the small intestine and colon/rectum?

A

Small intestine: Paneth cells at the bottom of Villi, and mucosal lymphatics (Where MALT arises)

Colon/rectum: Flat surface and pericrypt fibrous sheath

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9
Q

What do you see in histology of active ulcerative colitis?

A

Intense, diffuse inflammatory infiltrate with ulceration of the surface epithelium

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10
Q

When are Crohn’s and UC typically diagnosed?

A

Onset at any age, but peak incidence in late adolescence/early adulthood

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11
Q

Is IBD more common in males or females?

A

even

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12
Q

which parts of the world do you see more IBD?

A

North america and europe

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13
Q

Which has a stronger genetic susceptibility, CD or UC?

A

Crohn’s disease

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14
Q

What is the association between cigarette smoking and inflammatory bowel disease?

A

Smoking is protective against UC

Smoking increases risk against CD

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15
Q

What other risk factors are there for UC?

A

Appendectomy decreases risk of UC

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16
Q

What other risk factors are there for CD?

A

Increased risk with:

  • High sanitation
  • Higher with refined carbs and perinatal infection
17
Q

What is the general theroy behind the pathogenesis of IBD?

A
  1. Genetic susceptibility (HLA B27, after environmental trigger, will lose tolerance leading to chronic inflammation)
  2. Luminal antigens (Microbiome)
  3. Environmental triggers

Lactobacillus is protective. Bacteroides vulgatus, and cecal bacteria alone cause colitis

18
Q

What are some examples of environmental triggers for IBD?

A
  1. antibiotics
  2. diet
  3. acute infections
  4. NSAIDs
  5. Smoking
  6. Stress
19
Q

What is the typical pattern of ulcerative colitis?

A
  1. Colon only
  2. Mucosal inflammation
  3. Continuous distribution
  4. Rectal involvement
20
Q

What are the sx of ulcerative colitis?

A
  1. Rectal bleeding (hematochezia)
  2. Diarrhea
  3. Abdominal pain
  4. Tenesmus
  5. Systemic symptoms
  6. Extraintestinal manifestations
21
Q

What are the criteria for mild, moderate, and severe ulcerative colitis?

A
  1. Mild:
    - 4 stools/day, minimal systemic disturbances
  2. Severe disease
    - >6 stools/day, with blood
    - Systemic dz with fever, tachy, and anemia
22
Q

How do you diagnose UC?

A
  1. Clinically + endoscopic appearance + histology of biopsy
23
Q

What are the different ways in which ulcerative colitis can present?

A
  1. Recurring episodes of mild/moderate severity
  2. Fulminating (severe)
  3. Chronic active (smoldering, consistent dz)
  4. Proctitis (remains localized in rectum)
24
Q

What are the complications of ulcerative colitis?

A
  1. Massive hemorrhage
  2. Toxic megacolon
  3. Perforation
  4. Colon cancer (20x)
25
Q

Describe the progression of cancer in IBD and contrast it with non-IBD

A

IBD: Inflammation leads to dysplasia then cancer

Non-IBD: Formation of a single polyp leading to cancer

26
Q

What is a third category of inflammatory bowel disease? How does it present?

A

Microscopic colitis. Presents with watery, non-bloody diarrhea. Colonic mucosa looks normal on endoscopy but shows microscopic inflammation

27
Q

What are the two types of microscopic colitis? Differences between the two?

A

Collagenous and lymphocytic colitis

  • Lymphocytic more associated with celiac dz
  • collagenous associated with older women with subepithelial layer of collagen
28
Q

What are the complications of Crohn’s disease?

A
  1. Obstruction from edema of transmural inflammation

2. fistulization with the creation of sinus tracts

29
Q

What are additional distinguishing features of crohn’s disease?

A

Ulcerative colitis always as bloody stool
Crohn’s disease has 30% of pts with no blood

Also, fistulization occurs only in crohn’s

Granulomas as PATHOGnomonic for Crohn’s dz, with multinucleated giant cells and lymphocytes in the periphery

30
Q

Describe the distribution of affected areas in Crohn’s disease

A
  1. Small bowel only=33%
  2. Ileocolic=45%
  3. Colon=20%
31
Q

What does Crohn’s disease look like on endocscopy?

A

Lots of nodules, exudate. “cobblestoning” with long longitudinal/transverse ulcerations.

If obstructed, will look like a “string of sausages”

32
Q

Where does pain show up in Crohn’s dz? Why?

A

LRQ b/c most of the inflammation is in the ileocecal region

33
Q

What could make Crohn’s disease look like appendicitis?

A

Localized microperforation can irritate the peritoneum just like an enlarged appendix

34
Q

What are symptoms of obstruction in Crohn’s?

A

Post-prandial cramps and distention

Vomiting and weight loss from food avoidance

35
Q

What are the symptoms with each of the following types of fistulizations?

  1. Enteroenteric
  2. Enterovesical
  3. Retroperitoneal
  4. Enterocutaneous
  5. Perianal
  6. Rectovaginal
A
  1. Asymptomatic
  2. Recurrent UTIs
  3. Psoas sign with back, hip/thigh pain
  4. Drainage
  5. pain and drainiage (can’t sit down!) “elephant ear”
  6. Drainage of feces or air
36
Q

How does IBD present in the child?

A
  1. Fever
  2. Anemia
  3. Arthritis
  4. Failure of growth/development
37
Q

What are the extraintestinal manifestations of IBD?

A
  1. Aphthous stomatitis
  2. Episcleritis/uveitis
  3. Arthritis
  4. E nodosum and P gangrenosum
  5. Vascular complications
38
Q

How is the peripheral arthritis of IBD different from rheumatoid arthritis?

A
  1. Affects the large joints (foot, knee, wrist)
  2. No synovial destruction
  3. No nodules
  4. seronegative
  5. asymmetric and monoarticular

GI (27 decks)

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