Inflammations -og helingsprocessen Flashcards

0
Q

Inflammationens 5 kardinalsymptomer

A
  1. Varmefornemmelse (på latinsk: calor) [warmth]
  2. Hævelse (tumor) [swelling]
  3. Rødme (nubor) [redness]
  4. Smerte (dolor) [pain]
  5. Nedsat funktion (functio laesa) [reduced mobility)
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1
Q

Inflammation/ betændelsesprocess

A

En general process, der går i gang ved enhver form for cellebeskadigelse. Kan opstarte af alle typer belastning (slag, bestråling, allergisk reaktion, osv.). Karakteriseret ved inflammationens 5 kardinalsymptomer. [A general process which occurs when a cell is harmed. It can start because of all types of harm (a hit, radiation, allergic reaction).

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2
Q

Dilatation [dilation]

A

Når de lokale kapillærer udspiles. Det er knyttet til en øgede blodgennemstrømning (aktive hyperæmi) som medfører en øget mængde af blod til det betændte område. [It’s when the local capillaries dilate. It’s connected to an increased streaming of blood to the infected area.]

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3
Q

Aktive hyperæmi

A

Øgede gennemstrømning af blod til en betændte område der gør at området bliver rødt og varmt. Den reaktion skyldes små arterier der udspiles. Udspilning skyldes histamin.

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4
Q

Histamin

A

Dannes i mastceller, som findes i det løse bindevæv og indeholder små korn fyldt med histamin som udtømmes når væv eller celle beskadiges. Den virker sammentrækkende i kapillærets væg, hvorved afstanden imellem de enkelte celler øges. [Found in the mastcells, which are found in the loose connective tissue. They have small granules filled with histamine which are emptied when a cell or tissue is harmed. It contracts the capillary walls together, therefore making more space in between each individual cell.]

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5
Q

Mastceller [Mast cells]

A

En hvide blodlegemer type. De findes i det løse bindevæv og indeholder små korn fyldt med histamin som udtømmes når et væv eller celle beskadiges. [A white bloodcell type. It’s found in the loose connective tissue and contains small granules filled with histamine which empty themselves when a tissue or cell is damaged.]

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6
Q

Permeabilitet [Permiability]

A

Det er når kapillær gennemtrængelighed øges i infektions området. Væsken sives ude igennem blodbanene og ude i vævet. [It’s when the capillary’s permiability increases so that fluid can get out into the surrounding tissue.]

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7
Q

Eksudation [Exudation]

A

Den udvandring af væsken der sker pga. en øget permiabilitet af kapillær i infektionsområdet. Det er ekstraktion der skylder hævelse og væskeophobning i det betændte område. [The wandering of fluid which occurs because of an increased permiability of the capillary’s in the infected area. It causes swelling and fluid build-up].

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8
Q

Emigration [Emigration]

A

Vandring af hvide blodlegemer ude fra blodkarrene ind i vævene. Det sker fordi celler søber bakterie at angrebe, ødelagt eller døende væv at nedbryde, og fremmedelegemer at fjerne. [The wandering of white blood cells from the blood vessels to the surrounding tissue. The white blood cells search for bacteria to attack, break down damaged tissue, and remove foreign cells.]

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9
Q

Granulocytter [Granulocytes]

A

En form for hvide blodlegemer der er første til at angribe bakterie i inflammationsområdet. Mange dør under angribet, hvor de frigører enzymer der nedbryde nekrosen. [A type of white blood cell which is first to attack bacteria in an infected area. Many die under the attack and release enzymes which break down the necrosis.]

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10
Q

Pus [Pus]

A

Væske der indholder vævsvæsk, kropsceller, døde blodlegemer, døde bakterier. Den er flydende og kan derfor fjernes af lymfekarrene. [Fluid which contains tissue fluid, body cells, dead blood cells, dead bacteria. It can be removed by the lymphnodes].

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11
Q

Helingsprocessen [The healing process]

A

Ender enten med genskabelse af sunde celleformation (regeneration) eller til udvikling af arvæv. [It ends either with the recreation of healthy cell function (regeneration) or the development of scar tissue].

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12
Q

Regeneration [Regeneration]

A

Sker når støttevævet er intakt eller når de lokale celler kan fordele sig. Vævet hele sig. [Occurs when the supporting tissue is intact or when the local cells can divide themselves].

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13
Q

Resolution [Resolution]

A

Når betændelsesreaktionen er let og uden celledød. Cellerne kan vender tilbage til normale funktion. [When the infection reaction is light and without cells death. The cells can return to normal function].

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14
Q

Arvæv [Scar tissue]

A

En del af helingsprocessen. Dannes hvor inflammationen er ledsaget af vævsdød samt ødelæggelse af det lokale støttevæv, eller hvis beskadigede væv mangler evne til at nydanne celler. [A part of the healing process. Is established where inflammation is accompanied by tissue death along with the destruction of the local supporting tissue, or if damaged tissue lacks the ability to create new cells.]

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15
Q

Mulige komplikationer af arvævsuddanlsen [possible complications of scar tissue development]

A
  1. Stenose- skrumpning [Stenosis- shrinking]
  2. Adhærence- sammenvoksning [Adherence- intergrowth]
  3. Diffuse fibrose- arvævsuddanlsen i spredt form [Diffused fibrosis- scar tissues formation in a spread out form]
  4. Keloiddanelse- når granulationsvæv løber løbsk. [Keloid formation- when granulations tissue runs loose].
16
Q

Andre symptomer af inflammation [Other symptoms of inflammation]

A

Træt, utilpas, feber (hvis det skyldes infektion), diarré (hvis det skyldes tarmbetændelse), ledsmerter (hvis det skylder ledbetændelse), osv. [Tired, discomfoty, fever (if it’s from infection), diarrea (if it’s from colon infection), joint pain (if it’s from joint infection), etc.]

17
Q

Hvordan inddeles inflammation? [How does inflammation get divided when describing the type?]

A
  1. Efter varighed [After duration]
  2. Efter lokalisation [After the location]
  3. Efter væsken [After the fluid]
18
Q

Varighed af inflammation [Duration of inflammation]

A

Akut- opstår pludseligt [Acute- starts suddenly]
Subakut- udvikler sig gradvist men ret hurtigt og ikke kompliceret [Subacute- develops gradually but quickly and without complication]
Kronisk- langvarig, vedvarende betændelsestilstand. [Long duration, continual inflammation condition].

19
Q

Nævning af inflammation efter lokalisation i kroppen [Naming of an inflammation by it’s location in the body]

A

Organets navn + -itis (feks. Colitis)

20
Q

Beskrivelse af inflammation efter væsken (eksudatet) [Description of the inflammation according to the fluid (the Exudation)

A
  1. Serøs- tyndt, vandklart [Serous- thin, clear as water]
  2. Kataralsk- tykt, slimet [Catarrhal- thick, slimy]
  3. Fibriaøs- et højt indhold af fibrin [Fibrous- a high quantity of fibrin].
  4. Hæmoragisk- blodholdigt [Hemorrage- bloody]
  5. Subpurativ- flydende, gulligt [Subpurativ- runny, yellowish]
  6. Putrid- tyndt, flydende, ildelugtende samtidig med at betændelsen er mørkt og mørt [Putrid- thin, runny, smells like fire along with inflammation that is dark and tender].
21
Q

Infektion behandling

A

Sulfapræparat (syntetiske stoffer) eller antibiotika (stoffer der dannes af bakterie, svampe, højere planter).

22
Q

Pencillin [penicillin]

A

En antibiotika der i oprindelige form udvindes af penselsvampen. [An antibiotic which, in its original form, is extracted from “penselsvampen”]

23
Q

Behandling af en allergiske tilstand

A

Antihistamin (et stof der modvirker histamin effekt og blokerer inflammationens process). [Antihistamine- a drug which works against the effects of histamine and blocks the inflammation process].