Cellulære Forandringer Flashcards

0
Q

Hypertrofi [hypertrophy]

A

Når et væv eller et organ forstørres som følge af de enkelte cellers øgede størrelse. [The increase in the volume of an organ or tissue due to the enlargement of its cells.] Eks: muskelcelle bli’r større for at tilpasse sig under belastning.

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1
Q

Osteoblast [Osteoblast]

A

En celletype i knogler der fremstiller intercellularsubstans der indholder kollagen, og indbygger kalk i knoglerne. [Cells in the bones which create bone by putting out a substance which contains collagen, and by building up the calcium in the bones].

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2
Q

Osteoklast [Osteoclast]

A

En celle der fremstiller enzymer der nedbryder kollagen, og syrer der kan opløse kalk. [A cell which absorbs bone by producing enzymes which break down collagen, and an acid, which breaks down calcium.]

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3
Q

Induktion

A

En stimulation af levercellernes enzymeproduktion der sker pga. en øgede mængde af endoplasmatiske retikulum som enzymerne (proteinstoffer) danner sig på.

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4
Q

Hyperplasi [Hyperplasia]

A

Når et væv eller et organ forstørres som følge af et øget antal celler med NORMAL størrelse. [An increase in the number of normal-sized cells.] Feks: overtræning eller udbrændthed. Binyrerne belastes i for lang tid og kirtelvæven bli’r større og udmattet.

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5
Q

Retrograde forandringer

A

Hvis belastningen forsvinder, kan cellen reparerer sig. [If the harm is removed then the cell can repair itself].

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6
Q

Degeneration [Degeneration]

A

Når cellen er skadet men ikke døende. I sådan et tilfælde, akkumulerer cellen uønsket materiale indeni (fedt, vand, protein, sukker). [When the cell is damaged buy not dying. In this case, the cell accumulates unwanted materials inside itself (like fat, water, protein, sugar)].

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7
Q

Fibrose [Fibrosis]

A

Når arvæv danner sig, enten begrænset (et sår der heler) eller spredte/diffuse (åreforkalkning). Når den sidder i lungerne hedder det lungefibrose. [When scar tissue develops, either limited (a scar) or diffused (calcium buildup in arteries).

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8
Q

Metaplasi [Metaplasia]

A

Når cellerne skifter sig til en anden celletype under øget belastning. [When cells change into another type of cell]. Eks: cellerne i lungerne kan forandre sig i en ryger fordi den originale er ikke godt nok til at beskytte fra røget.

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9
Q

Steatose [Steatosis]

A

Fedtdegeneration i leveren (feks pga alkohol). [Degeneration of liver cells due to increased fat in the cells (ex. because of alcohol abuse].

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10
Q

Autolyse [Autolysis]

A

Cellens selvfordøjelse. [The cells self- digestion].

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11
Q

Nekrose [Necrosis]

A

Processen af cellens døde.

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