Inflammation withing the musculoskeletal system Flashcards
State the WHO classification of the rheumatic diseases
- Back pain
- Regional periarticular or ‘soft-tissue’ diseases
- Osteoarthritis and related disorders
- Inflammatory arthropathies
- Osteoporosis and metabolic bone diseases
Define enthesitis
Inflammation where a tendon inserts into a bone
Give an example of an ethesis involving the achilles tendon
- Enthesis is where a tendon inserts into bone
- eg the achilles tendon attaches to calcaneus (heel bone)
Define olecranon bursitis
bursitis at the tip of the elbow
Define tenosynovitis
-Inflammation of the synovium that surrounds the tendon, leading to joint pain,swelling & stiffness
Define dactylitis
swelling of an entire digit eg finger
Define spondylitis
Inflammatory condition of the spine. This is a degenerative change
How can we categorise rheumatology
- ) Non-inflammatory
- drugs that modulate the immune system will have no effect - ) Inflammatory
What are the 4 cardinal signs of inflammation
- Dolor= pain
- Calor=increased heat
- Tumor= swelling
- Rubor= redness
State some inflammatory arthropathies
- RA
- Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
- Seronegative spondyloarthropathies
- Crystal arthritis
- Connective tissue diseases and vasculitides
- septic arthritis
Outline multisystem diseases
- connective tissue diseases eg SLE, Scleroderma, dermatomyositis
- Vasculitis
- Relapsing polychondritis
- Periodic fever syndromes
- Sarcoid
Explain how we come to a rheumatological diagnosis
- History
- Examination (urinalysis)
- Supporting evidence : radiological;antibodies
- Pathological: synovial fluid/biopsy; lupus nephritis, skin rash, myositis,vasculitis
How can we define a clinical syndrome?
- ) Onset
- acute, chronic - ) Arthralgia or arthritis
- is there definite joint swelling - ) Distribution
- Mono,oligo or polyarticular
- symmetrical - ) Other features
- rashes, mouth ulcers etc
Which autoimmune diseases is diurnal variation common to?
- Crohn’s disease
- Asthma
- Rheumatoid arthritis
What presenting symptoms may someone with an autoimmune disease have
- Pain
- Swelling
- Stiffness
- Weakness
- Multisystem presentation: systemically unwell, PUO