Inflammation & soft tissue repair Flashcards
What’s inflammation
- response to cell injury
- eliminate the cause of injury & clean up dead/dying cells/tissue
- protection
- healing
Purpose of inflammation
- neutralise & destroy invading & harmful agents
- limit & spread of harmful agents to other tissue
- remove harmful agents (pathogens & damaged cells)
- prepare and damage cells for healing
5 cardinal signs of inflammation
- pain
- redness
- heat
- swelling
- loss of function
what is pain (in part of the 5 cardinal signs of inflammation)
it’s a chemical irritation/ pressure on tissue & sensory nerve endings
why is redness part of the 5 cardinal signs of inflammation
underlying hyperemia
why is heat part of the 5 cardinal signs of inflammation
hyperemia
why is swelling part of the 5 cardinal signs of inflammation
increased permeability of vessel walls, contains fibrogen & proteins
why is loss of function part of the 5 cardinal signs of inflammation
is being protective - pain & swelling
inflammation vs infection
infection = invasion of body by pathogens
inflammation = symptom of infection
purpose of soft tissue repair
after an injury the body has a natural healing process, physio will help to healthier healing and reduced risk of re-injury, chronic pain & disfucntion
stages of soft tissue repair
- Bleeding
- Inflammation
- Proliferation
- Remodel
Purpose of bleeding
- 4-6hrs
- more vascular tissues bleed for longer with greater escape of blood into tissue
- soft tissue is disrupted & blood vessels are severed, releasing blood plasma & peripheral blood into the wound site
time taken for inflammation
- rapid onset (few hrs), max reaction 2/3 days
- resolved in a couple weeks
what is proliferation
generation of scar material
time taken for proliferation
- rapid onset 24-48 hrs
- peak activity (2-3 weeks post injury) - the more vascular the shorter time to reach peak
- final functional scar = up to several months post trauma
time taken for remodelling
- 1-2 weeks post injury
- may take up to 1 year to complete
what is remodelling in soft tissue repair
organised functional scar
purpose of proliferation
- fibroplasia (fibroblast is to repair the connective tissue)
- angiogenesis (formation of new blood vessels = basic scar formation)
What is inflammation/purpose
- most cells detect injury to nearby cells and release histamine, initiating an inflammatory response
- Bradykini & prostaglandins are also released from the damaged cells (to initiate pain)
- vascular response = tissue oedema
- cellular response = cell debris
part of inflammation in soft tissue repair is vascular response what occurs
- vasular reponse = leaky valves
- vasodilation & vasopermability
- dormant capillaries open
- increased flow through capillaries = leaky vessels
- all leads to increased exudate (tissue oedema/swelling)
what’s exudate
- dilutes irritants
- aids the formation of a fibrin clot
- provided initial lenion of surrounding intact tissue
point of mast cells
they are specialised immune cells which release histamine to increase blood flow to area
