Bones Flashcards
What’s osteology
science of bones
function of bones
- support
- protection
- stored minerals (mineral reservoirs)
- blood cell production
- movement
2 types of bone
spongey bone in middle
compact bone around the edge
cemented together in the bone matrix
periosteum
outer most layer of bone
main unit of bone
osteon
what’s compact (cortical) bone made of
composed of osteons packed together
what is spongey (trabecular) cancelous bone made of
a lattice of thin threads of bone, less dense and aligned to tissue load (as we grow we ossify)
bone formation pattern with age
increase of bone formation to a decrease - process of moving cartilage to boney tissue
Ossification
- process of laying down bone to a primary ossification centre in the cartilage interuterine
- secondary ossification centres target the areas that primary centre has not reached
- long bone primary centre = diaphysis
- secondary centre = epiphysis
Osteoblasts
produce major bone cells
Osteocytes
remove dead bone cells
what does a T score measure
bone mineral density
T = 1.0 = normal
axial skeleton
cranium
vertebral column
rib cage
sternum
sacrum
(attachment site for upper and lower limbs, protection of vital organs)
appendicular skeleton
upper and lower limbs
(movement and function are main roles)
sub divisions of bone
long
short
irregular
flat
(divided based on shape and function)
Parts of a long bone
Epiphysis (ends)
Diaphysis (middle)
articular cartilage
