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Path300 > Inflammation & Repair: body response to injury > Flashcards

Inflammation & Repair: body response to injury Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main components of inflammation (2)?

A

Vascular changes

Cellular changes

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2
Q

Explain the 2 types of vascular changes in inflammation

A

Hemodynamic changes
-transient vasoC followed by vasoD (via vascular smooth muscle)

It causes hyperemia: increased blood flow

Increased permeability
-mostly venous end of capi
 = leakage of exudate
= increase osmotic pressure
= «         »blood viscosity
= diminution of blood velocity (flow)
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3
Q

Increased permeability is d/t what (3)?

A

Endothelial cell damage

« » contraction

Leakage of new small blood vessels during repair

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4
Q

What is exudate

A

Prot-rich fluid and some blood cells out of the circulation

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5
Q

Where mast cells are located?

A

Around the capillaries

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6
Q

Mast cells are a source pf what?

A

Vascular mediators

Histamine

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7
Q

In acute inflammation, mast cells release

A

Histamine

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8
Q

Describe the effect of histamine in the inflammation process

A

VasoD
Increased permeability of venou capillaries

Responsible for que QUICK/TRANSIENT change in permeability

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9
Q

An increased in permeability may be delayed in what case?

A

Sunburn

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10
Q

What are the steps of cellular changes in the inflammation process (4)?

A

MARGINATION
Accumulation of leukocytes along blood vessel walls at the site of injury

ROLLING

ADHESION

DIAPEDESIS

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11
Q

What is the role of chemokines in the inflammatory process (cellular change)?

A

Attract immune cells toward the site of injury

Travel toward the high concentration of chemokines = chemotaxis

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12
Q

Name different times where chemotaxis is use (3)

A

Bacterial peptides
Complement
Leukotrienes

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13
Q

Which adhesion molecule is used in rolling?

A

Selectin (it is on the endothelial layer)

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14
Q

Which adhesion receptor is use in adhesion?

A

Integrin (it is on the endothelial layer and on the leukocytes)

PAF receptor binding activates integrins on leukocytes.

Then able to bind to ICAM-1 on the endo layer(stop rolling)

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15
Q

In adhesion, LFA-1 on leukocytes interact w/ what receptor on endothelial cell?

A

ICAM-1

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16
Q

In adhesion, VLA-4 on the leukocyte interact w/ which receptor on the endothelial cell?

A

V-CAM-1

17
Q

During diapedesis, which kind if integrin help WBC to transmigrate?

A

PECAM-1

18
Q

In diapedesis, what can secrete WBC to break-down the basement membrane and move through the endothelial layer?

A

Collagenases enzymes

19
Q

Neutrophils

A

Hallmark of acute inflammation

Granule contains digestive enzymes (eg.: lysozymes)

Release inflammatory mediators

20
Q

Eosinophils/basophils

A

Granules filled w/ inflammatory mediators

Useful against parasites
-part of immune reactions mediated by IgE

Life-threatening if triggered inappropriately (eg.: allergic reactions)

21
Q

Monocytes/ macrophages

A

Hallmark of CHRONIC inflammation

Releases cytokines

Cause fever in generalized inflammatory responses

Highly concentrated in

  • lymph nodes
  • Spleen/other immune organs

Macrophage are activated by inflammatory mediators

22
Q

How is called macrophages in the brain?

A

Microglia

23
Q

How is called macrophages if the skin?

A

Langerhans cells

24
Q

What are the 2 types of macrophage activation?

A

M1 = classical activation = IFN-y

M2 = alternative activation = IL-13 + IL-4
-activation of more powerful and specific fct
(Eg.: wound healing, phagocytosis)

25
Q

Give 2 examples of M2 activation of macrophages fct

A

Wound healing

Phagocytosis

26
Q

Which cells express TLR

A

Macrophage

Dentritic cells

27
Q

Activation of TLR activates macrophage to do which fct?

A

Phagocytosis

Release of inflammatory mediators

28
Q

What is an inflammasome?

A

Protein complex called NLRP3

It is a sensor prot + caspase-1 = enzyme

Recognises dead cell product (extacellular ATP, uric acid) and some microbe.

It increases the secretions of IL-1

IL-1 fct = mediators for leukocytes recruitment

29
Q

Name 2 dead cell products

A

Extracellular ATP

Uric acid

30
Q

What type of chemotaxis recruit neutrophils 1st in acute inflammation?

A

IL-8

31
Q

In phagocytosis, the process of engulfment form a phagosome. What are found in the phagosome (2)?

A

ROS

Lysosomes

The leakage of those during phagocytosis is the source of tissue damage CHRONIC INFLAMMATION

32
Q

Oxidative (resp) burst is trigger by what?

A

Phagocytosis

It increase 02 consumption and glycolysis

For extra prod of ROS

33
Q

Large non-digestible particle can be engulfed and secreted to?

A

GIT

Leukocyte w/particle is excreted

MACROPHAGE w/ particule can DIVIDE
Daughter cell can resume normal fct
Mother cell is excreted

34
Q

Which type of cell can divide before to be excreted in the GIT because of non-digestible particles engulfed?

A

Macrophages

Path300 (12 decks)

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