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Gen Pathology- PCCF tri 2 > inflammation - exam 1 > Flashcards

inflammation - exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

inflammation

A

bodys innate response to injury. accumulation of fluid + WBCs

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2
Q

acute inflammation

A

rapid onset + short lived. 1-3 week duration

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3
Q

chronic inflammation

A

slow onset, long lived, tissue damage, symptoms appear late. 6+ week duration

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4
Q

inflammatory edema

A

excess fluid in extravascular space. Direct result of inflammation

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5
Q

types of inflammatory edema

A

exudate + transudate

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6
Q

exudate

A

high protein content, cloudy appearance, many cells

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7
Q

examples of exudate

A

ophthalmia neonatorum, neisseria gonorrhoea, strep throat

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8
Q

types of exudate

A

serous, purulent, + fibrinous

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9
Q

serous exudate

A

clear yellow appearance (ex: TB)

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10
Q

purulent exudate

A

thick yellow pus (ex: ophthalmia neonatorum)

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11
Q

fibrinous exudate

A

“bread + butter” (ex: rheumatic fever, strep throat, strep pneumonia)

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12
Q

transudate

A

low protein content, clear appearance, few cells, low specific gravity

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13
Q

examples of transudate

A

tuberculosis

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14
Q

is exudate or transudate ONLY inflammatory

A

exudate

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15
Q

effusion

A

accumulation of excess fluid in specific cavity

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16
Q

what are the physical causes of inflammation

A

mechanical, heat, cold, radiation

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17
Q

examples of mechanical causes of inflammation

A

trauma

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18
Q

examples of heat causes of inflammation

A

burns

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19
Q

examples of cold causes of inflammation

A

frost bite

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20
Q

examples of radiation causes of inflammation

A

burns

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21
Q

what are the chemical factors that cause inflammation

A

alcohol, paraffin inhalation, endotoxins, exotoxins

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22
Q

examples of alcohol causes of inflammation

A

alcoholic hepatitis

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23
Q

examples of paraffin inhalation causes of inflammation

A

aspiration pneumonia

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24
Q

examples of endotoxins causes of inflammation

A

toxic shock syndrome

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25
Q

examples of exotoxins causes of inflammation

A

diphtheria

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26
Q

what are the ischemic causes of inflammation related to

A

ischemia, hypoxia, anoxia

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27
Q

ischemia

A

lack of blood supply

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28
Q

hypoxia

A

oxygen deprivation

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29
Q

anoxia

A

absence of oxygen

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30
Q

what are the infectious causes of inflammation

A

viral, bacterial, fungal, + parasitic

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31
Q

what are the immunological causes of inflammation

A

allergies (type 1), cytotoxic (type 2), immune complex (type 3), + delayed (type 4)

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32
Q

examples of type 1 immunological causes of inflammation

A

allergies

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33
Q

examples of type 2 immunological causes of inflammation

A

cytotoxic

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34
Q

examples of type 3 immunological causes of inflammation

A

reaction to immune complex formation

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35
Q

examples of type 4 immunological causes of inflammation

A

rash from poison ivy

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36
Q

what are the 5 cardinal signs of inflammation

A

rubor, dolor, calor, tumor, function laesa

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37
Q

rubor

A

redness

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38
Q

examples of rubor

A

vasodilation caused by histamine

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39
Q

dolor

A

pain

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40
Q

examples of dolor

A

kallikrein + bradykinin

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41
Q

calor

42
Q

examples of calor

A

increased vascularity due to histamine/serotonin

43
Q

tumor

44
Q

examples of tumor

A

increased vascular permeability

45
Q

function laesa

A

loss of function

46
Q

hemodynamic changes

A

vascular response

47
Q

vasoconstriction step of hemodynamic changes

A

quick, last just a few seconds

48
Q

vasodilation step of hemodynamic changes

A

mediated by histamine, bradykinin, + prostaglandins

49
Q

histamine role in hemodynamic changes

A

mast cell degranulation

50
Q

bradykinin role in hemodynamic changes

A

vasodilator. 10x more potent than histamine

51
Q

prostaglandins role in hemodynamic changes

A

action of phospholipase on a membrane phospholipid

52
Q

hyperemia step of hemodynamic changes

A

causes rubor + calor. the result

53
Q

pleural effusion

A

excess fluid between parietal + visceral pleura

54
Q

pericardial effusion

A

excess fluid between 2 layers of pericardium

55
Q

joint effusion

A

fluid accumulation in joint

56
Q

ascites

A

excess fluid between 2 layers of peritoneum

57
Q

what cells are the first line of defense in phagocytosis

A

neutrophils

58
Q

what cells are the second line of defense in phagocytosis

59
Q

margination

A

WBCs moving to the edge of the blood vessel

60
Q

what triggers margination

A

blood flow reduction

61
Q

rolling cellular response

A

roll on endothelial cells

62
Q

what triggers rolling

A

reduced blood flow

63
Q

adhesion cellular response

A

stick to endothelial cells

64
Q

what triggers adhesion

A

immunoglobulins, integrins, + selectins

65
Q

transmigration cellular response

A

WBCs move out of the blood vessel

66
Q

what triggers transmigration

A

diapedesis

67
Q

what is the role of chemical mediators in response to inflammation

A

to initiate and/or enhance an inflammatory response

68
Q

What are 3 systems plasma derived mediators use in response to inflammation?

A

kinin system, complement system, coagulation system

69
Q

kinin system effect

A

pain + vasodilation

70
Q

what triggers the kinin system

A

hageman factor (factor XII)

71
Q

what triggers the complement system

A

factor XII

72
Q

what triggers the coagulation system

A

factor XII

73
Q

complement system effect

A

vasodilation, chemotaxis, opsonization, lysis

74
Q

coagulation system effect

A

adhesion, cleaves c3, increased vascular permeability

75
Q

what chemical mediator system is responsible for the formation of blood clots

A

coagulation system

76
Q

what activates the classical complement system

A

antibodies

77
Q

what activates the alternative complement system

78
Q

what activates the mannose-lactin complement system

A

sugar patterns on microbes

79
Q

what activates the coagulation system

A

thrombin + plasmin

80
Q

why is bradykinin important

A

because it is the most potent chemical mediator in the kinin family

81
Q

what are the 3 pathways of the complement system

A

classical, alternative, + mannose-lactin

82
Q

In the complement system, which protein fragment is responsible for opsonization?

83
Q

In the complement system, which protein fragment causes chemotaxis?

84
Q

what chemicals are used in the kinin system

A

bradykinin

85
Q

what chemicals are used in the complement system

A

c3a, c5a, c3b, c5b, c6b, c7b, c8b, c9b

86
Q

what chemicals are used in the coagulation system

A

thrombin, plasmin, fsp

87
Q

cell derived mediators of inflammation

A

vasoactive amines, eicosanoids, inflammatory cytokines

88
Q

histamine derivative + effect

A

mast cells; vasodilation

89
Q

serotonin derivative + effect

A

platelets; vasodilation

90
Q

prostaglandins derivative + effect

A

mast cells; pain + vasodilation

91
Q

thromboxanes derivative + effect

A

mast cells; vasoconstriction

92
Q

leukotrienes derivative + effect

A

mast cells; vasodilation + increased permeability

93
Q

Which eicosanoid causes chemotaxis?

94
Q

Which eicosanoid causes pain?

95
Q

What are the roles of cytokines in inflammation?

A

they mediate inflammation

96
Q

What is the role of Nitric Oxide in inflammation?

A

causes vasodilation + is cytotoxic

97
Q

examples of systemic acute-phase reactions

A

fever, anorexia, leukocytosis, + protein synthesis

99
Q

What cells are associated with acute inflammation

A

Neutrophils + macrophages

100
Q

What cells are associated with chronic inflammation

A

macrophages, lymphocytes, + fibroblasts

Gen Pathology- PCCF tri 2 (3 decks)

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