Inflammation- Dr. Fuentealba Flashcards
Inflammation
Reaction of vascularized living tissues to injury
Signs of Inflammation
- Redness
- Heat
- Swelling
- Pain
- Loss of function
Roles of inflammation
- Dilute and contain injury
- Destroy microorganisms or toxins
- Healing and repair
Ideal outcomes of inflammation
- Elimination of source
- Resolution of inflammatory process
- Restoration of normal tissue and function
Outcome of intense inflammation
Attempt to isolate inflammatory process, form a wall like in an abcess
Outcome if causeof inflammation is not removed
- Persistence of inflammatory cells
- Scar formed
What is the mediator produced by mast cells that is most commonly associated with inflammation?
Histamine
What happens when the stimulus of inflammation is removed?
- breakdown of mediators
- Short life of WBC’s in tissues
- Activation of anti-inflammatory mechanisms
Exudation
Escape of fluid, proteins, and blood cells from the vascular system into the interstitium or body cavities.
Characteristics of Exudate
- High protien content
- High cellular debris
- High specific gravity >1.020
Characteristics of transudate
- low protein content
- low specific gravity
Pus
Inflammatory exudate rich in leucocytes and parenchymal cell debris
Clinical signs of peracute inflammation
- Shock
- Sudden death
Timeframe of peracute inflammation
0-4 hours
Timeframe of acute inflammation
4-6 hours
Lymphadenitis
Reactive inflammation of lymph nodes occurs in acute, subacute and chronic inflammation
Lymphangitis
Inflammation of lymphatic vessels
Common types of exudate
- suppurative
- fibrinous
- serous
- serofibrinous
- fibrino-purulent
- purulent
- granulotomatous
Suppuration
process by which pus is formed
Abscess
circumscribed collection of pus
Pathogenesis of fibrinous exudation
plasma proteins (fibrinogen) leak into injured endothelium and polymerizes into fibrin
T/F Fibrinous exudation can also be called fibrosis.
False- Fibrinous exudation is acute while fibrosis is chronic
Serous exudation
occurs without a prominent cellular response
Granulomatous inflammation
- Characterized by presence of lymphocytes, macrophages and plasma cells.
- Predominant cell is macrophage
- always chronic
Granuloma
Elliptical cluster of macrophages around a central necrotic area
Etiology of granulomatous inflammation
usually a non-digestible organism or particle
What cells are polymorphonuclear leukocytes (granulocytes)
- neutrophils
- eosinophils
- basophils
- mast cells
Which cells are mononuclear cells
- lymphocytes
- plasma cells
- monocytes
- macrophages
- platelets
Cellular events during extravasation
- MRAT
- Margination
- Rolling
- Activation & Adhesion
- Transmigration
Chemotaxis
- WBC’s migrating to site of injury in tissues
- occurs directly after extravasation
3 processes of phagocytosis
- recognition and attachment
- engulfment with formation of phagocytic vacuole
- killing or degrading material
