Inflammation - Chronic Flashcards
Define: Chronic Inflammation
Inflammation of prolonged duration in which active inflammation, tissue destruction, and attempts at repair proceed simultaneously.
What are the main causes of chronic inflammation?
a. Autoimmune disease
b. Persistent infections
c. Prolonged exposure to toxic agents
What are the morphologic features of chronic inflammation.
a. Fibrosis
- Granulation tissue = angiogenesis + immature fibrous tissue
b. Infiltration with mononuclear cells
c. Tissue destruction
What is granulation tissue?
angiogenesis and immature fibrous tissue
What is granulomatous inflammation?
epithelioid macrophages AND/OR Multi-nucleate Giant Cells
What two broad classes of compounds can activate macrophages?
a. Cytokines (IFN-gamma)
b. Microbial products
What are the causes of macrophage accumulation at sites of chronic inflammation.
a. Local proliferation of macrophages.
b. Continued recruitment of monocytes from circulation in response to chemotactic stimuli.
How do macrophages activate lymphocytes?
How lymphocytes activate macrophages.
Macrophages present antigen an MHC to naïve lymphocytes to activate them.
Lymphocytes secrete IFN-gamma to activate macrophages.
- Know the major causes of granulomatous inflammation.
a. Foreign body
b. Infectious agents
c. Immune reactions
What are the types of granulomas.
Foreign body granuloma
Immune granuloma
What are the 3 main ACUTE phase reactions?
- Fever
- Synthesis of acute phase proteins
- Leukocytosis
