inflammation and tissue repair

Question 1

acute inflammation

Answer 1

inflammation that occurs immediately after tissue damage

Question 2

angiogenesis

Answer 2

growth of new blood vessels

Question 3

cartilage

Answer 3

fibrous connective tissue that lines the ends of the bones, forming the weight bearing surface of joints and the flexible parts of the nose and ears

Question 4

chemotaxis

Answer 4

movement of cells toward or away from chemicals

Question 5

chronic inflammation

Answer 5

simultaneous progression of active inflammation, tissue destruction and healing, chronic may last for months or years

Question 6

collagenases

Answer 6

enzymes that destroy collagen

Question 7

complement system

Answer 7

enzymatic plasma proteins activated by antigen antibody complexes, bacteria, and foreign material that participated in the inflammatory response

Question 8

connective tissues

Answer 8

tissues consisting of fibroblasts, ground substance and fibrous strands that provide the structure for other tissues

Question 9

contractures

Answer 9

fixed shortening of soft tissues that have high resistance to a passive stretch

Question 10

corticosteroids

Answer 10

drugs that decrease the inflammatory response through many mechanisms involving many cell types

Question 11

diapedesis

Answer 11

leukocytes squeeze through intact blood vessel walls, part of the process of extravasation

Question 12

edema

Answer 12

swelling that results from accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space

Question 13

emigration

Answer 13

leukocytes migrate from blood vessels into perivascular tissue, apart of extravasation

Question 14

epithelial cells

Answer 14

cells that form the epidermis of the skin and covering the mucous and serious membranes

Question 15

epithelialization

Answer 15

healing by growth of epithelium over a denuded surface

Question 16

erythrocytes

Answer 16

red blood cells

Question 17

extravasation

Answer 17

movement of leukocytes from inside a blood vessel to tissue outside the blood vessel

Question 18

exudate

Answer 18

wound fluid composed of serum with a high content of protein and white blood cells or solid materials from cells

Question 19

fibroblasts

Answer 19

cells that are the primary producers for collagen

Question 20

fibroplasia

Answer 20

fibroblasts growth

Question 21

granulation tissue

Answer 21

tissue composed of new blood vessels connective tissue, fibroblasts, and inflammatory cells that fill an open would when it starts to heal

Question 22

healing by delayed primary intention

Answer 22

healing which wouldn’t contraction is reduced by delayed approximation of would edges with sutures or application of skin grafts

Question 23

healing by primary intention

Answer 23

healing without wound contraction that occurs when wounds are rapidly closed with surutes with minimal loss of tissue and minimal bacterial contamination

Question 24

healing by secondary intention

Answer 24

healing with wound contraction that occurs when significant loss of tissue or bacterial contamination is present and would edges are not approximated

Question 25

hemarthrosis

Answer 25

bloody fluid present in a joint

Question 26

hematoma

Answer 26

accumulation of blood in a tissue or organ

Question 27

humeral mediators

Answer 27

antibodies, hormones, cytokines, and a variety of other soluble proteins and chemicals that contribute to the inflammatory process

Question 28

hyperalgesia

Answer 28

increased sensitivity to painful stimuli

Question 29

hyperemia

Answer 29

excess of blood in a given area that causes redness and temperature increase in the area

Question 30

impaction

Answer 30

dissipation of energy resulting from an insult to bone

Question 31

induction

Answer 31

stage of bone healing when cells with osteogenic capabilities are activated

Question 32

leukocytes

Answer 32

white blood cells

Question 33

ligaments

Answer 33

bands of fibrous tissue that connect bone to bone or cartilage to bone supporting a joint

Question 34

macrophages

Answer 34

phagocytic cells derived from monocytes and important for attractiong other immune cells to a site of inflammation

Question 35

margination

Answer 35

part of the process of extravasation in which leukocytes line the walls of blood vessels

Question 36

monocytes

Answer 36

leukocytes that are larger than polymorphonucleocytes (PMNs), have a nucleus, and become macrophages

Question 37

myofibroblasts

Answer 37

cells similar to fibroblasts that have the contractile properties of smooth muscles and are responsible for wound contraction

Question 38

neovascularization

Answer 38

development of new blood supply to an injured area

Question 39

neural mediators

Answer 39

nerve related contributions to the inflammatory process

Question 40

neutrophils

Answer 40

white blood cells present early in inflammation that have the properties of chemotaxis and phagocytosis

Question 41

opsonization

Answer 41

coating of bacteria with protein that makes them more susceptible to phagocytosis

Question 42

pavementing

Answer 42

part of the process of extravasation in which leukocytes lei in layers inside the blood vessel

Question 43

phagocytosis

Answer 43

ingestion and digestion of bacteria and particles by a cell

Question 44

piezoelectric

Answer 44

property of being able to generate electricity in response to a mechanical force or being able to change shape in response to an electrical current

Question 45

plasma

Answer 45

acellular fluid portion of blood

Question 46

platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)

Answer 46

protein produced by platelets that stimulates cell growth and division and is involved in normal would healing

Question 47

platelets

Answer 47

small anuclear cells in the blood that assist in clotting

Question 48

polymorphonucleocytes (PMNS)

Answer 48

leukocytes whose nuclei have several lobes and contain cytoplasmic granules and that include neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils

Question 49

proliferation phase

Answer 49

second phase of tissue healing during which damaged structures are rebuilt and the wound is strengthened

Question 50

pus

Answer 50

opaque wound fluid that is thicker than exudate and contains white blood cells, tissue, debris, and microorganisms

Question 51

subacute inflammation

Answer 51

inflammatory process that has continued for longer than 4 weeks

Question 52

tendon

Answer 52

fibrous band that connects muscle with bone

Question 53

transudate

Answer 53

thin, clear wound fluid composed primarily of serum

Question 54

type I collagen

Answer 54

most abundant form of collagen, found in skin, bone, tendons and most organs

Question 55

type II collagen

Answer 55

predominant collagen in cartilage

Question 56

type III collagen

Answer 56

them weak structured collagen with no consistent organization, initially produced by fibroblasts after tissue damage

Question 57

wound contractions

Answer 57

pulling together of the edged of an injured site to accelerate repair