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TOPNOTCHER PEDIA > INFLAMMATION AND REPAIR > Flashcards

INFLAMMATION AND REPAIR Flashcards

1
Q

Response of vascularized tissues to infections and damaged tissues that brings cells and molecules of host defense from the circulation to the sites where they are needed, in order to eliminate the offending agent

A

inflammation

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2
Q

the initial response to infections and tissue damage

A

acute inflammation

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3
Q

Inflammatory response of prolonged duration in which inflammation, tissue injury, and attempts at repair coexist, in varying combinations

A

chronic inflammation

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4
Q

Restoration of tissue architecture and function after and injury

A

tissue repair

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5
Q

cellular infiltrate in acute inflammation

A

mainly neutrophils

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6
Q

cellular infiltrate in chronic inflammation

A

monocytes/ macrophages, lymphocytes

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7
Q

severe and progressive tissue injury, fibrosis

a. chronic inflammation
b. acute inflammation

A

chronic

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8
Q

Usually mild and self limited tissue injury and fibrosis

a. chronic inflammation
b. acute inflammation

A

acute inflammation

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9
Q

prominent local and systemic signs

a. chronic inflammation
b. acute inflammation

A

acute

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10
Q

less local and systemic signs

a. chronic inflammation
b. acute inflammation

A

chronic

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11
Q

components of acute inflammation

A
  1. Dilation of small vessels
  2. Increased microvascular permeability
  3. Emigration of leukocytes and their activation
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12
Q

initial vascular response to injury

A

vasoconstriction

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13
Q

Most notable mediator that produces vasodilation; stored in mast cells, platelets, and basophils

A

histamine

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14
Q

Most common mechanism of increased microvascular permeability in acute inflammation

A

Endothelial cell contraction

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15
Q

what cells produce histamine in inflammation

A

mast cells
platelets
basophils

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16
Q

Morphologic hallmarks of acute inflammation

A

Vasodilation

  1. Accumulation of leukocytes and fluid in the extravascular tissue
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17
Q

outcomes of acute inflammation

A
  1. Resolution
  2. Pus formation (abscess)
  3. Healing by fibrosis
  4. Progression to chronic inflammation
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18
Q

Steps in leukocyte recruitment

A

A. Margination

B. Rolling

C. Adhesion

D. Transmigration

E. Chemotaxis

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19
Q

The process of leukocyte accumulation at the periphery of blood vessels

A

margination

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20
Q

Transient binding and detachment of leukocytes to the endothelium, mediated by selectins

A

rolling

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21
Q

Firm adhesion of leukocytes to the endothelium, mediated by integrins

A

adhesion

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22
Q

The process of migration of the leukocytes through the endothelium, mediated by PECAM-1/CD31

A

Transmigration or Diapedesis

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23
Q

Process of leukocyte migration toward sites of infection or injury along a chemical gradient, mediated by exogenous or endogenous substances

A

chemotaxis

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24
Q

what mediates rolling

A

selectins

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25
what mediates adhesion
integrins
26
what mediates transmigration or diapedesis
PECAM-1 / CD31
27
Vasoactive amine found in platelets and neuroendocrine cells; causes vasoconstriction
Serotonin
28
Type of inflammatory mediators that are produced mainly in the liver, and are present in the circulation as inactive precursors that must be activated by proteolytic cleavage to acquire their biologic properties;
Plasma-derived mediators
29
Type of inflammatory mediators that are normally sequestered in intracellular granules, and can be rapidly secreted by granule exocytosis, or are synthesized de novo in response to a stimulus; examples: Histamine, Serotonin, Cytokines, and Arachidonic acid derivatives (Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes)
Cell-derived mediators
30
PGI2 (prostacyclin) a. vasodilation b. vasoconstriction c. increased vascular permeability d. chemotaxis, leukocyte adhesion
a.
31
PGE1 a. vasodilation b. vasoconstriction c. increased vascular permeability d. chemotaxis, leukocyte adhesion
a.
32
PGE2 a. vasodilation b. vasoconstriction c. increased vascular permeability d. chemotaxis, leukocyte adhesion
a
33
PGD2 a. vasodilation b. vasoconstriction c. increased vascular permeability d. chemotaxis, leukocyte adhesion
a
34
LTC4 a. vasodilation b. vasoconstriction c. increased vascular permeability d. chemotaxis, leukocyte adhesion
c
35
D4 a. vasodilation b. vasoconstriction c. increased vascular permeability d. chemotaxis, leukocyte adhesion
c,b
36
E4 a. vasodilation b. vasoconstriction c. increased vascular permeability d. chemotaxis, leukocyte adhesion
c,b
37
TXA2 a. vasodilation b. vasoconstriction c. increased vascular permeability d. chemotaxis, leukocyte adhesion
b
38
LTC4 a. vasodilation b. vasoconstriction c. increased vascular permeability d. chemotaxis, leukocyte adhesion
b.
39
D4 a. vasodilation b. vasoconstriction c. increased vascular permeability d. chemotaxis, leukocyte adhesion
b,c
40
E4 a. vasodilation b. vasoconstriction c. increased vascular permeability d. chemotaxis, leukocyte adhesion
b,c
41
LTB4 a. vasodilation b. vasoconstriction c. increased vascular permeability d. chemotaxis, leukocyte adhesion
d
42
Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) a. vasodilation b. vasoconstriction c. increased vascular permeability d. chemotaxis, leukocyte adhesion
d.
43
most abundant complement
C3
44
complement that acts as an opsonin
C3b
45
anaphylatoxins
C3a, C4a, C5a
46
membrane attack complex
C5b | C6-c9
47
Deficiency of the following complement-related protein causes hereditary angioedema
C1 inhibitor deficiency
48
Deficiency of the following complement protein increases susceptibility to infections involving pyogenic bacteria
C3
49
Deficiency of the following complement proteins increases susceptibility to immune complex-mediated disease
C1q, C2, C4
50
Deficiency of the following complement proteins increases susceptibility to Neisseria infections
C5-C9
51
Main cells involved in chronic inflammation
macrophages | lymphocytes
52
Collections of activated macrophages; some of which form multinucleated giant cells, often with T lymphocytes, and sometimes associated with central necrosis
granuloma
53
Two kinds of cells seen in granulomas
1. Epithelioid cells | 2. Giant cells
54
Type of tissue whose cells can readily regenerate as long as the pool of stem cells is preserved
labile tissues
55
Type of tissue whose cells are quiescent and have only minimal replicative activity in their normal state
stable tissues
56
Type of tissue whose cells are considered to be terminally differentiated and are non-proliferative in postnatal life
permanent tissues
57
Type of repair that happens in labile and stable tissues; influenced by growth factors
regeneration
58
Type of repair that happens in chronic, severe inflammation, and in permanent tissues
Connective tissue deposition
59
Connective tissue deposition
A. Angiogenesis B. Formation of granulation tissue C. Remodeling of the scar
60
Most notable growth factor in angiogenesis
VEGF
61
Most important cytokine for synthesis and deposition of connective tissue
TGF-β
62
Hallmark of repair
Granulation tissue
63
Components of granulation tissue
1. Proliferation of fibroblasts 2. Loose connective tissue 3. Angiogenesis 4. Inflammatory cells

TOPNOTCHER PEDIA (30 decks)

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