Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

TOPNOTCHER PEDIA > INFLAMMATION AND REPAIR > Flashcards

INFLAMMATION AND REPAIR Flashcards

1
Q

Response of vascularized tissues to infections and damaged tissues that brings cells and molecules of host defense from the circulation to the sites where they are needed, in order to eliminate the offending agent

A

inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the initial response to infections and tissue damage

A

acute inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Inflammatory response of prolonged duration in which inflammation, tissue injury, and attempts at repair coexist, in varying combinations

A

chronic inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Restoration of tissue architecture and function after and injury

A

tissue repair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

cellular infiltrate in acute inflammation

A

mainly neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

cellular infiltrate in chronic inflammation

A

monocytes/ macrophages, lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

severe and progressive tissue injury, fibrosis

a. chronic inflammation
b. acute inflammation

A

chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Usually mild and self limited tissue injury and fibrosis

a. chronic inflammation
b. acute inflammation

A

acute inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

prominent local and systemic signs

a. chronic inflammation
b. acute inflammation

A

acute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

less local and systemic signs

a. chronic inflammation
b. acute inflammation

A

chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

components of acute inflammation

A
  1. Dilation of small vessels
  2. Increased microvascular permeability
  3. Emigration of leukocytes and their activation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

initial vascular response to injury

A

vasoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Most notable mediator that produces vasodilation; stored in mast cells, platelets, and basophils

A

histamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Most common mechanism of increased microvascular permeability in acute inflammation

A

Endothelial cell contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what cells produce histamine in inflammation

A

mast cells
platelets
basophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Morphologic hallmarks of acute inflammation

A

Vasodilation

  1. Accumulation of leukocytes and fluid in the extravascular tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

outcomes of acute inflammation

A
  1. Resolution
  2. Pus formation (abscess)
  3. Healing by fibrosis
  4. Progression to chronic inflammation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Steps in leukocyte recruitment

A

A. Margination

B. Rolling

C. Adhesion

D. Transmigration

E. Chemotaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The process of leukocyte accumulation at the periphery of blood vessels

A

margination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Transient binding and detachment of leukocytes to the endothelium, mediated by selectins

A

rolling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Firm adhesion of leukocytes to the endothelium, mediated by integrins

A

adhesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The process of migration of the leukocytes through the endothelium, mediated by PECAM-1/CD31

A

Transmigration or Diapedesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Process of leukocyte migration toward sites of infection or injury along a chemical gradient, mediated by exogenous or endogenous substances

A

chemotaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what mediates rolling

A

selectins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what mediates adhesion

A

integrins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what mediates transmigration or diapedesis

A

PECAM-1 / CD31

27
Q

Vasoactive amine found in platelets and neuroendocrine cells; causes vasoconstriction

28
Q

Type of inflammatory mediators that are produced mainly in the liver, and are present in the circulation as inactive precursors that must be activated by proteolytic cleavage to acquire their biologic properties;

A

Plasma-derived mediators

29
Q

Type of inflammatory mediators that are normally sequestered in intracellular granules, and can be rapidly secreted by granule exocytosis, or are synthesized de novo in response to a stimulus; examples: Histamine, Serotonin, Cytokines, and Arachidonic acid derivatives (Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes)

A

Cell-derived mediators

30
Q

PGI2 (prostacyclin)

a. vasodilation
b. vasoconstriction
c. increased vascular permeability
d. chemotaxis, leukocyte adhesion

31
Q

PGE1

a. vasodilation
b. vasoconstriction
c. increased vascular permeability
d. chemotaxis, leukocyte adhesion

32
Q

PGE2

a. vasodilation
b. vasoconstriction
c. increased vascular permeability
d. chemotaxis, leukocyte adhesion

33
Q

PGD2

a. vasodilation
b. vasoconstriction
c. increased vascular permeability
d. chemotaxis, leukocyte adhesion

34
Q

LTC4

a. vasodilation
b. vasoconstriction
c. increased vascular permeability
d. chemotaxis, leukocyte adhesion

35
Q

D4

a. vasodilation
b. vasoconstriction
c. increased vascular permeability
d. chemotaxis, leukocyte adhesion

36
Q

E4

a. vasodilation
b. vasoconstriction
c. increased vascular permeability
d. chemotaxis, leukocyte adhesion

37
Q

TXA2

a. vasodilation
b. vasoconstriction
c. increased vascular permeability
d. chemotaxis, leukocyte adhesion

38
Q

LTC4

a. vasodilation
b. vasoconstriction
c. increased vascular permeability
d. chemotaxis, leukocyte adhesion

39
Q

D4

a. vasodilation
b. vasoconstriction
c. increased vascular permeability
d. chemotaxis, leukocyte adhesion

40
Q

E4

a. vasodilation
b. vasoconstriction
c. increased vascular permeability
d. chemotaxis, leukocyte adhesion

41
Q

LTB4

a. vasodilation
b. vasoconstriction
c. increased vascular permeability
d. chemotaxis, leukocyte adhesion

42
Q

Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE)

a. vasodilation
b. vasoconstriction
c. increased vascular permeability
d. chemotaxis, leukocyte adhesion

43
Q

most abundant complement

44
Q

complement that acts as an opsonin

45
Q

anaphylatoxins

A

C3a, C4a, C5a

46
Q

membrane attack complex

47
Q

Deficiency of the following complement-related protein causes hereditary angioedema

A

C1 inhibitor deficiency

48
Q

Deficiency of the following complement protein increases susceptibility to infections involving pyogenic bacteria

49
Q

Deficiency of the following complement proteins increases susceptibility to immune complex-mediated disease

A

C1q, C2, C4

50
Q

Deficiency of the following complement proteins increases susceptibility to Neisseria infections

51
Q

Main cells involved in chronic inflammation

A

macrophages

lymphocytes

52
Q

Collections of activated macrophages; some of which form multinucleated giant cells, often with T lymphocytes, and sometimes associated with central necrosis

53
Q

Two kinds of cells seen in granulomas

A
  1. Epithelioid cells

2. Giant cells

54
Q

Type of tissue whose cells can readily regenerate as long as the pool of stem cells is preserved

A

labile tissues

55
Q

Type of tissue whose cells are quiescent and have only minimal replicative activity in their normal state

A

stable tissues

56
Q

Type of tissue whose cells are considered to be terminally differentiated and are non-proliferative in postnatal life

A

permanent tissues

57
Q

Type of repair that happens in labile and stable tissues; influenced by growth factors

A

regeneration

58
Q

Type of repair that happens in chronic, severe inflammation, and in permanent tissues

A

Connective tissue deposition

59
Q

Connective tissue deposition

A

A. Angiogenesis

B. Formation of granulation tissue

C. Remodeling of the scar

60
Q

Most notable growth factor in angiogenesis

61
Q

Most important cytokine for synthesis and deposition of connective tissue

62
Q

Hallmark of repair

A

Granulation tissue

63
Q

Components of granulation tissue

A
  1. Proliferation of fibroblasts
  2. Loose connective tissue
  3. Angiogenesis
  4. Inflammatory cells

TOPNOTCHER PEDIA (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions