DISEASES OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM Flashcards
Caused by activation of T H 2 CD4 + helper T cells by environmental antigens
Type I (Immediate, IgE-mediated)
Vascular dilation, edema, smooth muscle contraction, mucus production, tissue injury, and inflammation are characteristic of this type of hypersensitivity
Type I (Immediate, IgE-mediated)
Caused by activation of T H 2 CD4 + helper T cells by environmental antigens, leading to the production of IgE antibodies, which become attached to mast cells
Type I (Immediate, IgE-mediated)
Caused by antibodies that bind to fixed tissue and cell antigens and promote phagocytosis and destruction of the coated cells or trigger pathologic inflammation in tissues
Type II (Antibody-mediated)
examples: Anaphylaxis, Bronchial asthma, Allergic rhinitis, sinusitis (Hay fever), Food allergies
Type I (Immediate, IgE-mediated)
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia, Immune thrombocytopenic purpura
Type II (Antibody-mediated)
Phagocytosis and lysis of cells, inflammation, and functional derangements without evidence of cell or tissue injury (in some diseases) are characteristic of this type of hypersensitivity
Type II (Antibody-mediated)
Caused by antibodies binding to antigens to form complexes that circulate and may deposit in vascular beds and stimulate inflammation secondary to complement activation;
Type III (Immune-complex mediated)
Cell-mediated immune responses in which T lymphocytes cause tissue injury
Type IV (T-cell-mediated/ delayed)
Pemphigus vulgaris
Type II
SLE
Type III
Psoriasis
Type IV
Perivascular cellular infiltrates, edema, granuloma formation, and cell destruction are characteristic of this type of hypersensitivity
Type IV (T-cell-mediated/ delayed)
ANCA-vasculitis, Goodpasture syndrome, Acute rheumatic fever, Myasthenia gravis, Insulin-resistant diabetes
Type II
PSAGN, Polyarteritis nodosa, Reactive arthritis, Serum sickness
Type III
Goodpasture syndrome
Type II
Arthus reaction
Type III
Type I DM
Type IV
inflammatory bowel disease
Type IV
Psoriasis
Type IV
Contact sensitivity
Type IV
Rheumatoid arthritis
Type IV
32/F, with difficulty in breathing, bilateral elbow joint pains, and rash after sun exposure. CBC showed low hemoglobin and reticulocytosis. ANA titer is positive. What is the diagnosis?
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Tupe III
PSAGN
Type III
Myasthenia gravis
Type II
Pernicious anemia
Type II
Type I DM
Type IV
Insulin resistant diabetes
Type II
Mechanisms of organ damage in SLE
Type III (most); Type II (opsonization and phagocytosis, hematologic manifestations)
Most common autoantibody in SLE
ANA
Most specific autoantibodies for SLE
anti-Sm (Smith), anti-dsDNA (anti-dsDNA correlates with disease activity)
Histopathologic findings in SLE with skin involvement
LM: Liquefactive degeneration of basal layer, edema at DEJ, mononuclear infiltrates around blood vessels and skin appendages IF: Deposition of Ig and complement at DEJ
Drug-induced lupus
Type of LE that associated with Hydralazine, INH, Procainamide, and D-Penicillamine intake
rarely involves kidneys and brain; rarely associated with anti-dsDNA; associated with anti-histone antibodies
Drug-induced lupus
PMNs, necrosis, crescents, and hyaline thrombi Wire-loop appearance of capillaries;
>/=50% glomeruli
Diffuse (Class IV)
Subendothelial IC deposits
Focal (Class III)
Diffuse (Class IV)
Membranous (Class V)
Sclerosis of >90% glomeruli
Advance sclerosing (Class VI)
