DISEASES OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

Question 1

Caused by activation of T H 2 CD4 + helper T cells by environmental antigens

Answer 1

Type I (Immediate, IgE-mediated)

Question 2

Vascular dilation, edema, smooth muscle contraction, mucus production, tissue injury, and inflammation are characteristic of this type of hypersensitivity

Answer 2

Type I (Immediate, IgE-mediated)

Question 3

Caused by activation of T H 2 CD4 + helper T cells by environmental antigens, leading to the production of IgE antibodies, which become attached to mast cells

Answer 3

Type I (Immediate, IgE-mediated)

Question 4

Caused by antibodies that bind to fixed tissue and cell antigens and promote phagocytosis and destruction of the coated cells or trigger pathologic inflammation in tissues

Answer 4

Type II (Antibody-mediated)

Question 5

examples: Anaphylaxis, Bronchial asthma, Allergic rhinitis, sinusitis (Hay fever), Food allergies

Answer 5

Type I (Immediate, IgE-mediated)

Question 6

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia, Immune thrombocytopenic purpura

Answer 6

Type II (Antibody-mediated)

Question 7

Phagocytosis and lysis of cells, inflammation, and functional derangements without evidence of cell or tissue injury (in some diseases) are characteristic of this type of hypersensitivity

Answer 7

Type II (Antibody-mediated)

Question 8

Caused by antibodies binding to antigens to form complexes that circulate and may deposit in vascular beds and stimulate inflammation secondary to complement activation;

Answer 8

Type III (Immune-complex mediated)

Question 9

Cell-mediated immune responses in which T lymphocytes cause tissue injury

Answer 9

Type IV (T-cell-mediated/ delayed)

Question 10

Pemphigus vulgaris

Answer 10

Type II

Question 11

SLE

Answer 11

Type III

Question 12

Psoriasis

Answer 12

Type IV

Question 13

Perivascular cellular infiltrates, edema, granuloma formation, and cell destruction are characteristic of this type of hypersensitivity

Answer 13

Type IV (T-cell-mediated/ delayed)

Question 14

ANCA-vasculitis, Goodpasture syndrome, Acute rheumatic fever, Myasthenia gravis, Insulin-resistant diabetes

Answer 14

Type II

Question 15

PSAGN, Polyarteritis nodosa, Reactive arthritis, Serum sickness

Answer 15

Type III

Question 16

Goodpasture syndrome

Answer 16

Type II

Question 17

Arthus reaction

Answer 17

Type III

Question 18

Type I DM

Answer 18

Type IV

Question 19

inflammatory bowel disease

Answer 19

Type IV

Question 20

Psoriasis

Answer 20

Type IV

Question 21

Contact sensitivity

Answer 21

Type IV

Question 22

Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 22

Type IV

Question 23

32/F, with difficulty in breathing, bilateral elbow joint pains, and rash after sun exposure. CBC showed low hemoglobin and reticulocytosis. ANA titer is positive. What is the diagnosis?

Answer 23

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Question 24

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Answer 24

Tupe III

Question 25

PSAGN

Answer 25

Type III

Question 26

Myasthenia gravis

Answer 26

Type II

Question 27

Pernicious anemia

Answer 27

Type II

Question 28

Type I DM

Answer 28

Type IV

Question 29

Insulin resistant diabetes

Answer 29

Type II

Question 30

Mechanisms of organ damage in SLE

Answer 30

Type III (most); Type II (opsonization and phagocytosis, hematologic manifestations)

Question 31

Most common autoantibody in SLE

Answer 31

ANA

Question 32

Most specific autoantibodies for SLE

Answer 32

anti-Sm (Smith), anti-dsDNA (anti-dsDNA correlates with disease activity)

Question 33

Histopathologic findings in SLE with skin involvement

Answer 33

LM: Liquefactive degeneration of basal layer, edema at DEJ, mononuclear infiltrates around blood vessels and skin appendages IF: Deposition of Ig and complement at DEJ

Question 34

Drug-induced lupus

Answer 34

Type of LE that associated with Hydralazine, INH, Procainamide, and D-Penicillamine intake

Question 35

rarely involves kidneys and brain; rarely associated with anti-dsDNA; associated with anti-histone antibodies

Answer 35

Drug-induced lupus

Question 36

PMNs, necrosis, crescents, and hyaline thrombi Wire-loop appearance of capillaries;
>/=50% glomeruli

Answer 36

Diffuse (Class IV)

Question 37

Subendothelial IC deposits

Answer 37

Focal (Class III)
Diffuse (Class IV)
Membranous (Class V)

Question 38

Sclerosis of >90% glomeruli

Answer 38

Advance sclerosing (Class VI)