Inflammation and Repair

Question 1

Which protein enables neutrophils to role along the vessel wall?

Answer 1

Selectins (L-selectin on neutrophil, P-selectin on endothelium)

Question 2

What molecule does myeloperoxidase form?

Answer 2

Hypochlorous acid (HOCl-) from hydrogen peroxid (H2O2) which is bactericidal

Question 3

What are the role of integrins?

Answer 3

They enable neutrophils to attach to endothelium and transmigrate into the extravascular space

Question 4

What does Kallikrein activate?

Answer 4

Plasminogen to Plasmin
HMWK to Bradykinin

Question 5

How does Bradykinin cause angioedema?

Answer 5

Binds to Bradykinin B1 and B2 receptors to increase vascular permeability

Question 6

What molecule inhibits Bradykinin activity?

Answer 6

ACE produced in the lung

Question 7

What type of inflammation does blistering represent?

Answer 7

Serous Inflammation

Question 8

How would you describe serous inflammation?

Answer 8

Mild inflammatory response characterised by exudation of protein-poor fluid into the subcorneal or subepidermal space.

Question 9

What type of inflammation occurs in Pelvic Inflammatory Disease to the fallopian tube?

Answer 9

Liquefactive Necrosis mediated by neutrophilic lysosymes and ROS production

Question 10

What is the term for purulent exudate in the pleural space?

Answer 10

Empyema

Question 11

What is the term for when purulent exudate erodes and takes up tissue space?

Answer 11

Abscess

Question 12

What do staphylococcal lung infections predispose to?

Answer 12

Abscess formation

Question 13

Septic emboli to the brain would lead to?

Answer 13

Cerebral abscess formation by lysosomal enzymatic release from neutrophils

Question 14

Polarisable material from a wound site biopsy indicates? What would a firm nodule around this indicate?

Answer 14

Suture material
Granuloma formation

Question 15

Which cytokine mediates high fevers?

Answer 15

TNF-a

Question 16

Which acute phase reactants lead to a rise in ESR?

Answer 16

CRP, SAA and Fibrinogen

Question 17

Damage to which structures prevents the regeneration of hepatocytes?

Answer 17

Connective tissue framework (the scaffold for building)

Question 18

When LFTs normalise after viral hepatitis, what cell cycle stage are the hepatocytes in?

Answer 18

G0 Phase - Quiescence

Question 19

Numerous capillaries in a healing wound/tissue indicates the action of which molecule?

Answer 19

VEGF

Question 20

At 1 week following a wound, what tissue would be present?

Answer 20

Granulation tissue - macrophages and fibroblasts enter the picture

Question 21

When does wound strength peak? And to what %?

Answer 21

At 3 months and by 80%

Question 22

Predominant collagen with scant blood vessels and no inflammatory cells on a wound biopsy would be seen at what timepoint?

Answer 22

At the end of 1 month

Question 23

How do glucocorticoids impair wound healing?

Answer 23

They inhibit collagen production