Cellular Pathology Flashcards
What does long-term hypertension pre-dispose the heart muscle to?
Hypertrophy
Which layer of the uterus expands during pregnancy?
Myometrium - The smooth muscle cells undergo hypertrophy
What cells do the columnar epithelium of the distal esophagus transition to? What is the name of this pathological process?
Goblet Cells.
Columnar Metaplasia.
In viral hepatitis, what pathological change causes deranged LFTs?
Cellular Membrane Defects
What morphologic cellular changes are seen in ATN?
Nuclear Fragmentation
What happens to the mesentry in acute pancreatitis?
Fat Necrosis
Which pump is affected when ATP levels drop? What happens to cells when this happens?
Sodium ATP Pump (expels Na+).
Cellular Swelling.
What serum electrolyte indicates cellular starvation or injury?
Potassium
Which electrolyte accumulates in mitochondria and cytoplasm during hypoxia leads to eventual cell death?
Calcium - activates enzymes eg. caspases, nucleases, proteases to cause cell death
Which enzyme protects cells from radiation injury?
Glutathione Peroxidase - clears free radicals
Consuming too much iron causes cellular injury via?
Hydroxyl Radicals
Why does CK rise after tPA administration for acute MI?
Reperfusion Injury
What is karyorrhexis?
Destruction fragmentation of the nucleus in dying cells
Which gene prevents apoptosis?
BCL2
Think “Back 2 Life” gene
The release of which substance promotes apoptosis of cancer cells in chemotherapy?
Cytochrome C from the Mitochondria - Activates caspase pathway
