Inflammation and Defense Mechanisms/Immunology Flashcards
T/F: The protective inflammation response can potentially be harmful.
True.
Can injure normal tissue if stay too long
What cells are present with inflammatory present?
WBC and plasma proteins
What is the goal for inflammatory reaction?
To bring WBC and plasma proteins to site of infection/tissue damage
What is inflammation induced by?
damaged host cells, cytokines, and others
T/F: Inflammation is uncontrolled and self-limited.
False. Inflammation is controlled and self-limited
What is the cardinal signs and their corresponding names?
pain-dolar
redness-rumor
swelling-edema
heat-calor
loss of function
What are the triggering factors to inflammation?
infection, trauma, or surgery
What does the local reaction stimulate?
neutrophils and macrophages
What is released after neutrophils and macrophages?
the mediators: inflammatory cytokines
What is usually associated with release of the mediators?
secondary system reactions such as fever, complement activation, and vasodilation
Is periodontitis acute or chronic?
chronic
What usually occurs with acute inflammation?
the body will react to the foreign insult by fever, diarrhea, or sneezing to get rid of
Why should the bodies response to acute inflammation not be stopped?
if it can’t remove particle or heal, it could cause a chronic problem
In which inflammation, is the response causing damage to tissue?
chronic inflammation such as any periodontal disease
What cells (the good ones) are involved in inflammation? What is their purpose?
neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells
function: try to clear infection and heal body
Which cell type is first line of defense in inflammation?
neutrophils
What is the daily production of neutrophils and were is it mostly found?
production: 10^11 cells per day
90% in bone marrow
What is the half life of neutrophils in circulation and in tissues?
t1/2 in circulation: 6-9 hrs
t1/2 in tissues: 1-4 days
What are the chemotactic factors the cause the response for neutrophils?
IL-8 from injured cells
LTB-4 through inflammatory cascade
C5A from complement
FMLP from bacteria
Describe the process of neutrophils:
- neutrophils migrate through endothelium and are in the site of injury in tissue within 6 hrs.
- they peek at 24-48 hours.
- collegenase and elastase allow endothelial to become permeable and are released at connective tissue and basil membrane
- once at wound site, engulf bacteria via phagocytosis and enzymatic and oxygen radical mechanism
- also secrete IFN- gamma (interferon gamma) to activate macrophages
- macrophages then secrete the pro-cytokines to cause vasodilation and the cycle continues
How do byproducts and lipopolysaccharides allow neutrophils to pass through endothelial cell?
by releasing IL-8 to allow for it to become more permeable
How do other toxins allow neutrophils to pass through endothelial cell?
by releasing IL-1, TNF, and PGE2 which causes vasodilation causing more blood to bring neutrophil in
How does the inflammatory cascade work?
when neutrophils get in, it releases interferon gamma which causes macrophages to come. when macrophages come they also release IL-1, TNF, and PGE2 to cause more vasodilation and bring more neutrophils in
What are macrophages goals in inflammation?
1) phagocytose antigens
2) release IL-1, TNF, and PGE2 to fight infection and allow more blood flow for reentry of neutrophils
