Inflammation Flashcards
Ultimate goals of inflammation repair?
Restore function, replace damaged tissue, promote regeneration of normal tissue
Inflammation “signs”
Heat, Redness, Swelling, Pain, and loss of function
How long is inflammation phase?
1 to 6 days
How long is proliferation phase?
3 to 20 days
How long is maturation phase?
9 days to 2 years
Inflammation Phase
Prepares wound for healing by destroying, diluting and isolating cells or agents that may be at fault. (Necessary prerequisite for healing)
Proliferation phase
Rebuild damaged structures and strengthens the wound
Maturation phase
Modifies the scar tissue into its mature form
What are the four inflammation phases
Vascular Response
Hemostatic Response
Cellular Response
Immune Response
Hyperemia
Increase in blood
Pain results from
The pressure of swelling and form irritation of pain-sensitive structures by chemicals released from damage cells
What causes vasodilation and increased permeability in venules?
Histamine
Histamine attracts _____________ to damaged tissue?
Leukocytes (WBC)
What’s two mediators control inflammation phase
Humoral and neural mediators
Vascular response sequence
Transient constriction —> vasodilation—>leukocyte migration—> increased vascular permeability
Vascular Respone
Swelling and redness
Homeostatic Response
Controls blood loss when vessels are damaged
Cellular Response
Leukocytes migrate to site to clear area of debris; sets stage for tissue repair
Immune response
Activates neutrophils and other infection fighting cells, complement system
During cellular response (phagocytosis) what 3 what blood cells are released
Neutrophils
Basophils
Eosinophils
Phagocytosis
“Clean up” injury cite, major mechanism used to remove pathogens and cell debris
Monocytes converts into ____________ starting two days after injury
Macrophages
T lymphocytes
Makes antibodies and inhibit bacteria and viruses
Complement System
Plasma proteins, forms membrane attack complex, attracts leukocytes
Proliferation phase
Covers wound and strengthens injury site
4 processes that occur simultaneously for closure of wound
Epithelialization
Collagen production
Wound contraction
Neovascularization
What is epithelialization?
The reestablishment of the epidermis that provides a protective barrier to prevent infection in loss of fluid
Collagen production
A process of wound strengthening through fibroplasia
Type 3 Collagen
Thin, weak-structure with NO consistent organization
By day ___ the immature type 3 collagen starts to be replaced by type 1 collagen
12
Wound Contraction
Final mechanism for repairing and injured area by pulling the edges of the injured site together
The rate of wound contraction is proportional to the number of
Myofibroblasts
Picture frame theory
States that myofibroblast located in the wound margins of open wound are responsible for centripetal forces that lead to wound contraction
Contractors results from
Uncontrolled wound contracture
Adhesions
Tissue damage
Neovascularization
The development of new blood supply to the injured area
Granulation tissue
Newly formed capillaries, fibroblasts, and myofibroblasts
Primary intention
Minimal tissue loss and is closed with sutures (heals with wound contraction)
Secondary intention
Significant loss of tissue/bacterial contamination (heals with wound contraction)
Delayed primary intention
Skin grafts/sutures later
Scar tissue
Immature tissue that is red, swollen, and easily damaged
Maturation phase
Restoration of injured tissue to prior function
Where is type 3 collagen found?
GI tract, uterus blood vessels in adults, first during healing tissue
What are the healing issues of cartilage?
Cartilage has limited ability to heal due to the lack of lymphatic, blood vessels, and nerves.
What are the healing issues with tendons and ligaments?
The potential for repair of the tissues depend on the type of tendon or ligament extent of damage,vascular supply,and duration of immobilization
Can achieve a state of repair close to regeneration
What are the issues of healing in skeletal muscle
After a severe contusion and classified hematoma may develop
What are the four stages of bone healing
Inflammation
soft Callus
hard callus
bone remodeling
