Inflammation

Question 1

What are the hemodynamic changes in inflammation?

Answer 1

1. Vasoconstriction initially
2. Vasodilation mediated by histamine, bradykinin and prostglandins
3. Increased vascular permeability
4. Blood floow slows allowing neutrophils to marginate

Question 2

What are the steps in neutrophil margination and adhesion?

Answer 2

Step 1: the endothelial cells at sites of inflammation have increased expression of E-selectin and P-selectin
Step 2: Neutrophils weakly bind to the endothelial slectins and roll along the surface
Step 3: Neutrophils are stimulated by chemokines to express integrins
Step 4: binding of the integrins to cellular adhesion molecules (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1) allows the neutrophils to firmly adhere to the endothelial cell