inflammation

Question 1

What does itits mean?

Answer 1

inflammatory process

Question 2

What’s always present with infection?

Answer 2

inflammation (never the other way round)

Question 3

What is the medical term for redness:

Answer 3

erhthema

Question 4

Causes of inflammation include:

Answer 4

heat/cold, radiation/chemical, electrical, mechanical, microbial, ischemic/hypoxia injuries and any disorders in the immune response

Question 5

What is the medical term for swelling:

Answer 5

edema

Question 6

What are the cardinal S/S of inflammation:

Answer 6

erythema, edema, heat, pain, loss of function

Question 7

What are the four phases of the inflammatory responses:

Answer 7

vascular, cellular, exudate formation, healing process

Question 8

Cell injury caused:

Answer 8

cell death, vasoconstriction…

Question 9

When cells briefly vasoconstrict, release of histamine and other chemicals are released by injured cells, vessels dilate, increased capillary permeability, capillary fluid enter tissue spaces occurs during what response of inflammation:

Answer 9

vascular response

Question 10

What inflammation response occurs when WBCs become active to clean up the wound and initiate further healing process

Answer 10

cellular response

Question 11

WBCs of the cellular response will release:

Answer 11

Neutrophils (1st phase), monocytes, lymphocytes

Question 12

What phagocytic WBC will arrive 3-7 days, upon entrance of tissue spaces they become macrophage, will accumulate and fuse together to form a giant cell that’s encapsulated by collagen to form a granuloma (such as TB), they can multiply and stay in the tissue for weeks.

Answer 12

monocytes

Question 13

What WBC is produced by the bonemarrow, arrives later at injured site, their primary role is humoral and cell-mediated immunity, and will differentiate into B/T lymphocytes

Answer 13

lymphocytes

Question 14

What are the chemical mediators of inflammation:

Answer 14

complement system, prostaglandins, thromboxane, and leukotriens

Question 15

Which chemical mediator has an enzyme cascade pathway, enhanced phagocytosis, vascular premeability, chemotaxis, and cellular lysis:

Answer 15

complement system

Question 16

What chemical mediator causes: produced fever and Arachidonic Acid in the cell membrane, are potent vasodilators, pro-inflammatory, inhibits platelet/neutrophil aggregation, and pain:

Answer 16

prostaglandins

Question 17

What chemical mediator is a powerful vasoconstrictor (skin pallor at injured site), potent HTN agent, platelet aggregates (thrombosis) and is an enzyme found in platelets:

Answer 17

thromboxane

Question 18

What chemical mediator is SRS-A, constricts smooth muscles of bronchi and increases capillary permeability leading to airway edema:

Answer 18

leukotrienes

Question 19

When fluid and leukocytes that move from circulation to the site of energy is defined as:

Answer 19

exudate formation

Question 20

Exudate caused by skin blisters, pleural effusion, or is seen in early stages of inflammation or when injury is mild is define as:

Answer 20

serous

Question 21

Exudate that causes a runny nose associated with URI is called:

Answer 21

Catarrhal

Question 22

Exudate caused by adhesions:

Answer 22

Fibrinous

Question 23

Exudate caused by boils, abscess, cellulitis is called:

Answer 23

purulent (pus)

Question 24

Exudate that’s caused by hematoma is called:

Answer 24

hemorrhagic

Question 25

What chemical is triggers fever:

Answer 25

cytokines

Question 26

What promotes synthesis/secretions of prostaglandins, increases thermostatic set point of core temp, hypothalamus activates the autonomic nervous system, and epinephrine is released to increase metabolic rate:

Answer 26

cytokines which all = fever

Question 27

What are the types of inflammation:

Answer 27

Acute, subacute, chronic

Question 28

When most injuries heal by connective tissue is defined:

Answer 28

repair

Question 29

What are the three intentions of repair:

Answer 29

primary, secondary, and tertiary

Question 30

This intention occurs when wound margins are well approximated (surgical/paper cut wounds):

Answer 30

primary intention

Question 31

What are the three phases of primary intention:

Answer 31

initial, granulation, maturation phase/scar contraction

Question 32

This phase of primary intention occurs lasts 3-5 days, edges of wound are approximated, cell migration occurs, acute inflammatory response occurs, macrophages, fibrin clots:

Answer 32

initial phase

Question 33

This phase of the primary intention lasts 5-3 wks, is considered to be fibroblastic, proliferative, reconstructive, migration of fibroblasts, pink and vascular wounds:

Answer 33

granulation phase

Question 34

This phase of primary intention overlaps granulation, begins by 7th day of injury and continues for months/years, collagen fibers are organized/remodeling, contraction of healing area/shortening or tightening of muscle/skin/joint/ligament, wound is mature, avascular, and pale:

Answer 34

maturation phase

Question 35

What intention occurs when edges cannot be approximated or brought together caused by trauma, ulceration, or infection, bigger wounds will have gaping wound edges, more granulation occurs:

Answer 35

secondary intention

Question 36

Which intention is a delayed suturing of a wound in which 2 layers of granulation tissues are sutured together

Answer 36

f

Question 37

When most injuries heal by connective tissue is defined:

Answer 37

repair

Question 38

What are the three intentions of repair:

Answer 38

primary, secondary, and tertiary

Question 39

This intention occurs when wound margins are well approximated (surgical/paper cut wounds):

Answer 39

primary intention

Question 40

What are the three phases of primary intention:

Answer 40

initial, granulation, maturation phase/scar contraction

Question 41

This phase of primary intention occurs lasts 3-5 days, edges of wound are approximated, cell migration occurs, acute inflammatory response occurs, macrophages, fibrin clots:

Answer 41

initial phase

Question 42

This phase of the primary intention lasts 5-3 wks, is considered to be fibroblastic, proliferative, reconstructive, migration of fibroblasts, pink and vascular wounds:

Answer 42

granulation phase

Question 43

This phase of primary intention overlaps granulation, begins by 7th day of injury and continues for months/years, collagen fibers are organized/remodeling, contraction of healing area/shortening or tightening of muscle/skin/joint/ligament, wound is mature, avascular, and pale:

Answer 43

maturation phase

Question 44

What intention occurs when edges cannot be approximated or brought together caused by trauma, ulceration, or infection, bigger wounds will have gaping wound edges, more granulation occurs:

Answer 44

secondary intention

Question 45

Which intention is a delayed suturing of a wound in which 2 layers of granulation tissues are sutured together

Answer 45

f

Question 46

When most injuries heal by connective tissue is defined:

Answer 46

repair

Question 47

What are the three intentions of repair:

Answer 47

primary, secondary, and tertiary

Question 48

This intention occurs when wound margins are well approximated (surgical/paper cut wounds):

Answer 48

primary intention

Question 49

What are the three phases of primary intention:

Answer 49

initial, granulation, maturation phase/scar contraction

Question 50

This phase of primary intention occurs lasts 3-5 days, edges of wound are approximated, cell migration occurs, acute inflammatory response occurs, macrophages, fibrin clots:

Answer 50

initial phase

Question 51

This phase of the primary intention lasts 5-3 wks, is considered to be fibroblastic, proliferative, reconstructive, migration of fibroblasts, pink and vascular wounds:

Answer 51

granulation phase

Question 52

This phase of primary intention overlaps granulation, begins by 7th day of injury and continues for months/years, collagen fibers are organized/remodeling, contraction of healing area/shortening or tightening of muscle/skin/joint/ligament, wound is mature, avascular, and pale:

Answer 52

maturation phase

Question 53

What intention occurs when edges cannot be approximated or brought together caused by trauma, ulceration, or infection, bigger wounds will have gaping wound edges, more granulation occurs:

Answer 53

secondary intention

Question 54

Which intention is a delayed suturing of a wound in which 2 layers of granulation tissues are sutured together

Answer 54

f

Question 55

A wound that is severing of vessels or tissue:

Answer 55

laceration

Question 56

When most injuries heal by connective tissue is defined:

Answer 56

repair

Question 57

What are the three intentions of repair:

Answer 57

primary, secondary, and tertiary

Question 58

This intention occurs when wound margins are well approximated (surgical/paper cut wounds):

Answer 58

primary intention

Question 59

What are the three phases of primary intention:

Answer 59

initial, granulation, maturation phase/scar contraction

Question 60

This phase of primary intention occurs lasts 3-5 days, edges of wound are approximated, cell migration occurs, acute inflammatory response occurs, macrophages, fibrin clots:

Answer 60

initial phase

Question 61

This phase of the primary intention lasts 5-3 wks, is considered to be fibroblastic, proliferative, reconstructive, migration of fibroblasts, pink and vascular wounds:

Answer 61

granulation phase

Question 62

This phase of primary intention overlaps granulation, begins by 7th day of injury and continues for months/years, collagen fibers are organized/remodeling, contraction of healing area/shortening or tightening of muscle/skin/joint/ligament, wound is mature, avascular, and pale:

Answer 62

maturation phase

Question 63

What intention occurs when edges cannot be approximated or brought together caused by trauma, ulceration, or infection, bigger wounds will have gaping wound edges, more granulation occurs:

Answer 63

secondary intention

Question 64

Which intention is a delayed suturing of a wound in which 2 layers of granulation tissues are sutured together

Answer 64

tertiary intention

Question 65

A wound that's a scraping of skin or mucous membranes:

Answer 65

abrasion

Question 66

a wound that's crushing of tissue cells that cause hemorrhage into skin is called:

Answer 66

contusion (bruise)

Question 67

This type of wound that piercing of body structure or organ:

Answer 67

puncture

Question 68

This type of wound is a surgical cutting is called:

Answer 68

incision

Question 69

This wound color is seen in stage II pressure ulcers, skin tear, surgical wounds that are able to heal by secondary intention, can be partial thickness/second degree burns and Tx is:transparent film dressing and antimicrobials

Answer 69

Red wound

Question 70

What color wound sees nonviable tissue/slough, dressing will be a gel or foam, Tx will be continual cleansing, removal of nonviable tissue, absorption of excessive drainage

Answer 70

Yellow

Question 71

This color wound will present eschar, can be full-thickness/3rd degree burns, stage 3-4 pressure ulcers, gangrenous ulcers, Tx consists of debridement:

Answer 71

Black wound

Question 72

What are some factors that delay tissue healing:

Answer 72

nutritional deficiencies (C, protein, Zinc), inadequate blood supply, cortocosteriods, infection, smoking, mechanical friction, advanced age, obesity, DM, poor general health, anemia

Question 73

What are some complications of wound healing:

Answer 73

adhesions, contracture, evisceration, dehiscence, excess granulation, fistula formation, infections, hemorrhage, hypertrophic scarring, keloid formation

Question 74

The removal of foreign material of dead or damage tissue of the wound is defined as:

Answer 74

Debridement

Question 75

A wet to dry or wet to moist dressing is what type of debridement:

Answer 75

mechanical debridement

Question 76

What type of debridement when there's large amounts of nonviable tissue are present & pt is septic:

Answer 76

surgical debridement

Question 77

What type of debridement sees occlusive dressing, promotes softening of dry eschar, used in open wounds w/no infection present, is the slowest method of healing:

Answer 77

Autolytic debridement

Question 78

What type of debridement involves enzymatic dressings to necrotic tissue , covered w/moist dressing, causes fibrin lysis, WOCN will have orders or charting:

Answer 78

Enzymatic debridement

Question 79

A vacuum-assisted wound closure or wound-vac is defined as what type of therapy:

Answer 79

Negative-Pressure therapy

Question 80

What type of wound therapy uses suction to remove drainage and speed wound healing, dressing may contain sponge packing, transparent dressing may be used, and tubing from wound is attached to a pump to create a type of _______ pressure:

Answer 80

Negative-pressure wound therapy

Question 81

What type of wound therapy delivers 100% O2 at increased atmospheric pressures in an enclosed chamber, O2 may be given at 1.5-3 times the normal atmospheric pressure, and allows for O2 to diffuse into serum rather than RBCs, and transports to tissues:

Answer 81

Hyperbaric O2 Therapy (works really well for DM pts)