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Med Surg II > inflammation > Flashcards

inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

What does itits mean?

A

inflammatory process

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2
Q

What’s always present with infection?

A

inflammation (never the other way round)

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3
Q

What is the medical term for redness:

A

erhthema

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4
Q

Causes of inflammation include:

A

heat/cold, radiation/chemical, electrical, mechanical, microbial, ischemic/hypoxia injuries and any disorders in the immune response

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5
Q

What is the medical term for swelling:

A

edema

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6
Q

What are the cardinal S/S of inflammation:

A

erythema, edema, heat, pain, loss of function

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7
Q

What are the four phases of the inflammatory responses:

A

vascular, cellular, exudate formation, healing process

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8
Q

Cell injury caused:

A

cell death, vasoconstriction…

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9
Q

When cells briefly vasoconstrict, release of histamine and other chemicals are released by injured cells, vessels dilate, increased capillary permeability, capillary fluid enter tissue spaces occurs during what response of inflammation:

A

vascular response

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10
Q

What inflammation response occurs when WBCs become active to clean up the wound and initiate further healing process

A

cellular response

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11
Q

WBCs of the cellular response will release:

A

Neutrophils (1st phase), monocytes, lymphocytes

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12
Q

What phagocytic WBC will arrive 3-7 days, upon entrance of tissue spaces they become macrophage, will accumulate and fuse together to form a giant cell that’s encapsulated by collagen to form a granuloma (such as TB), they can multiply and stay in the tissue for weeks.

A

monocytes

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13
Q

What WBC is produced by the bonemarrow, arrives later at injured site, their primary role is humoral and cell-mediated immunity, and will differentiate into B/T lymphocytes

A

lymphocytes

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14
Q

What are the chemical mediators of inflammation:

A

complement system, prostaglandins, thromboxane, and leukotriens

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15
Q

Which chemical mediator has an enzyme cascade pathway, enhanced phagocytosis, vascular premeability, chemotaxis, and cellular lysis:

A

complement system

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16
Q

What chemical mediator causes: produced fever and Arachidonic Acid in the cell membrane, are potent vasodilators, pro-inflammatory, inhibits platelet/neutrophil aggregation, and pain:

A

prostaglandins

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17
Q

What chemical mediator is a powerful vasoconstrictor (skin pallor at injured site), potent HTN agent, platelet aggregates (thrombosis) and is an enzyme found in platelets:

A

thromboxane

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18
Q

What chemical mediator is SRS-A, constricts smooth muscles of bronchi and increases capillary permeability leading to airway edema:

A

leukotrienes

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19
Q

When fluid and leukocytes that move from circulation to the site of energy is defined as:

A

exudate formation

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20
Q

Exudate caused by skin blisters, pleural effusion, or is seen in early stages of inflammation or when injury is mild is define as:

A

serous

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21
Q

Exudate that causes a runny nose associated with URI is called:

A

Catarrhal

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22
Q

Exudate caused by adhesions:

A

Fibrinous

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23
Q

Exudate caused by boils, abscess, cellulitis is called:

A

purulent (pus)

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24
Q

Exudate that’s caused by hematoma is called:

A

hemorrhagic

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25
Q

What chemical is triggers fever:

A

cytokines

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26
Q

What promotes synthesis/secretions of prostaglandins, increases thermostatic set point of core temp, hypothalamus activates the autonomic nervous system, and epinephrine is released to increase metabolic rate:

A

cytokines which all = fever

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27
Q

What are the types of inflammation:

A

Acute, subacute, chronic

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28
Q

When most injuries heal by connective tissue is defined:

A

repair

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29
Q

What are the three intentions of repair:

A

primary, secondary, and tertiary

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30
Q

This intention occurs when wound margins are well approximated (surgical/paper cut wounds):

A

primary intention

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31
Q

What are the three phases of primary intention:

A

initial, granulation, maturation phase/scar contraction

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32
Q

This phase of primary intention occurs lasts 3-5 days, edges of wound are approximated, cell migration occurs, acute inflammatory response occurs, macrophages, fibrin clots:

A

initial phase

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33
Q

This phase of the primary intention lasts 5-3 wks, is considered to be fibroblastic, proliferative, reconstructive, migration of fibroblasts, pink and vascular wounds:

A

granulation phase

34
Q

This phase of primary intention overlaps granulation, begins by 7th day of injury and continues for months/years, collagen fibers are organized/remodeling, contraction of healing area/shortening or tightening of muscle/skin/joint/ligament, wound is mature, avascular, and pale:

A

maturation phase

35
Q

What intention occurs when edges cannot be approximated or brought together caused by trauma, ulceration, or infection, bigger wounds will have gaping wound edges, more granulation occurs:

A

secondary intention

36
Q

Which intention is a delayed suturing of a wound in which 2 layers of granulation tissues are sutured together

A

f

37
Q

When most injuries heal by connective tissue is defined:

A

repair

38
Q

What are the three intentions of repair:

A

primary, secondary, and tertiary

39
Q

This intention occurs when wound margins are well approximated (surgical/paper cut wounds):

A

primary intention

40
Q

What are the three phases of primary intention:

A

initial, granulation, maturation phase/scar contraction

41
Q

This phase of primary intention occurs lasts 3-5 days, edges of wound are approximated, cell migration occurs, acute inflammatory response occurs, macrophages, fibrin clots:

A

initial phase

42
Q

This phase of the primary intention lasts 5-3 wks, is considered to be fibroblastic, proliferative, reconstructive, migration of fibroblasts, pink and vascular wounds:

A

granulation phase

43
Q

This phase of primary intention overlaps granulation, begins by 7th day of injury and continues for months/years, collagen fibers are organized/remodeling, contraction of healing area/shortening or tightening of muscle/skin/joint/ligament, wound is mature, avascular, and pale:

A

maturation phase

44
Q

What intention occurs when edges cannot be approximated or brought together caused by trauma, ulceration, or infection, bigger wounds will have gaping wound edges, more granulation occurs:

A

secondary intention

45
Q

Which intention is a delayed suturing of a wound in which 2 layers of granulation tissues are sutured together

A

f

46
Q

When most injuries heal by connective tissue is defined:

A

repair

47
Q

What are the three intentions of repair:

A

primary, secondary, and tertiary

48
Q

This intention occurs when wound margins are well approximated (surgical/paper cut wounds):

A

primary intention

49
Q

What are the three phases of primary intention:

A

initial, granulation, maturation phase/scar contraction

50
Q

This phase of primary intention occurs lasts 3-5 days, edges of wound are approximated, cell migration occurs, acute inflammatory response occurs, macrophages, fibrin clots:

A

initial phase

51
Q

This phase of the primary intention lasts 5-3 wks, is considered to be fibroblastic, proliferative, reconstructive, migration of fibroblasts, pink and vascular wounds:

A

granulation phase

52
Q

This phase of primary intention overlaps granulation, begins by 7th day of injury and continues for months/years, collagen fibers are organized/remodeling, contraction of healing area/shortening or tightening of muscle/skin/joint/ligament, wound is mature, avascular, and pale:

A

maturation phase

53
Q

What intention occurs when edges cannot be approximated or brought together caused by trauma, ulceration, or infection, bigger wounds will have gaping wound edges, more granulation occurs:

A

secondary intention

54
Q

Which intention is a delayed suturing of a wound in which 2 layers of granulation tissues are sutured together

A

f

55
Q

A wound that is severing of vessels or tissue:

A

laceration

56
Q

When most injuries heal by connective tissue is defined:

A

repair

57
Q

What are the three intentions of repair:

A

primary, secondary, and tertiary

58
Q

This intention occurs when wound margins are well approximated (surgical/paper cut wounds):

A

primary intention

59
Q

What are the three phases of primary intention:

A

initial, granulation, maturation phase/scar contraction

60
Q

This phase of primary intention occurs lasts 3-5 days, edges of wound are approximated, cell migration occurs, acute inflammatory response occurs, macrophages, fibrin clots:

A

initial phase

61
Q

This phase of the primary intention lasts 5-3 wks, is considered to be fibroblastic, proliferative, reconstructive, migration of fibroblasts, pink and vascular wounds:

A

granulation phase

62
Q

This phase of primary intention overlaps granulation, begins by 7th day of injury and continues for months/years, collagen fibers are organized/remodeling, contraction of healing area/shortening or tightening of muscle/skin/joint/ligament, wound is mature, avascular, and pale:

A

maturation phase

63
Q

What intention occurs when edges cannot be approximated or brought together caused by trauma, ulceration, or infection, bigger wounds will have gaping wound edges, more granulation occurs:

A

secondary intention

64
Q

Which intention is a delayed suturing of a wound in which 2 layers of granulation tissues are sutured together

A

tertiary intention

65
Q

A wound that’s a scraping of skin or mucous membranes:

A

abrasion

66
Q

a wound that’s crushing of tissue cells that cause hemorrhage into skin is called:

A

contusion (bruise)

67
Q

This type of wound that piercing of body structure or organ:

A

puncture

68
Q

This type of wound is a surgical cutting is called:

A

incision

69
Q

This wound color is seen in stage II pressure ulcers, skin tear, surgical wounds that are able to heal by secondary intention, can be partial thickness/second degree burns and Tx is:transparent film dressing and antimicrobials

A

Red wound

70
Q

What color wound sees nonviable tissue/slough, dressing will be a gel or foam, Tx will be continual cleansing, removal of nonviable tissue, absorption of excessive drainage

A

Yellow

71
Q

This color wound will present eschar, can be full-thickness/3rd degree burns, stage 3-4 pressure ulcers, gangrenous ulcers, Tx consists of debridement:

A

Black wound

72
Q

What are some factors that delay tissue healing:

A

nutritional deficiencies (C, protein, Zinc), inadequate blood supply, cortocosteriods, infection, smoking, mechanical friction, advanced age, obesity, DM, poor general health, anemia

73
Q

What are some complications of wound healing:

A

adhesions, contracture, evisceration, dehiscence, excess granulation, fistula formation, infections, hemorrhage, hypertrophic scarring, keloid formation

74
Q

The removal of foreign material of dead or damage tissue of the wound is defined as:

A

Debridement

75
Q

A wet to dry or wet to moist dressing is what type of debridement:

A

mechanical debridement

76
Q

What type of debridement when there’s large amounts of nonviable tissue are present & pt is septic:

A

surgical debridement

77
Q

What type of debridement sees occlusive dressing, promotes softening of dry eschar, used in open wounds w/no infection present, is the slowest method of healing:

A

Autolytic debridement

78
Q

What type of debridement involves enzymatic dressings to necrotic tissue , covered w/moist dressing, causes fibrin lysis, WOCN will have orders or charting:

A

Enzymatic debridement

79
Q

A vacuum-assisted wound closure or wound-vac is defined as what type of therapy:

A

Negative-Pressure therapy

80
Q

What type of wound therapy uses suction to remove drainage and speed wound healing, dressing may contain sponge packing, transparent dressing may be used, and tubing from wound is attached to a pump to create a type of _______ pressure:

A

Negative-pressure wound therapy

81
Q

What type of wound therapy delivers 100% O2 at increased atmospheric pressures in an enclosed chamber, O2 may be given at 1.5-3 times the normal atmospheric pressure, and allows for O2 to diffuse into serum rather than RBCs, and transports to tissues:

A

Hyperbaric O2 Therapy (works really well for DM pts)

Med Surg II (3 decks)

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