Inflammation

Question 1

What mediates pain in an inflammatory response

Answer 1

PGE2 and bradykinin

Question 2

What are the incitin stimuli of granulomatous inflammation

Answer 2

Particles resisting lysosomal degradation Perisisting molecules that stimulate T-hypersensitivity

Question 3

What induces macrophage dominated inflammatory reactions

Answer 3

Fungi/mycobacteria

Question 4

What mediators are chemotactic for lymphocytes

Answer 4

CCL3 and MIP-1alpha

Question 5

What mediates angiogenesis

Answer 5

VEGF and BFGF

Question 6

Name species which have indicences of Leukocyte adhesion deficiency

Answer 6

Holstein cattle and irish setter dogs

Question 7

What leukotriene is not involved in increasing vascular permeability

Answer 7

LTB4

Question 8

What is VEGF

Answer 8

Vascular endothelial growth factor - highly expressed in malignancy

Question 9

What induces granulomatous inflammatory reactions

Answer 9

Fungi/mycobacteria

Question 10

What molecule on leukocytes mediates mediates leukocyte adhesion on endothelial cells

Answer 10

Integrin (CD11/CD18)

Question 11

Leukocyte rolling mediators (on leukocytes and endothelial cells)

Answer 11

Sialy-Lewis X and E-selectin

Question 12

What mediates Type III Hypersensitivity

Answer 12

IgG and IgM

Question 13

What molecule on endothelial cells mediates leukocyte rolling on endothelial cells

Answer 13

E-selectin

Question 14

What type of cells do macrophages differentiate into

Answer 14

Epithelioid cells and multinucleated giant cells

Question 15

What is EGF

Answer 15

Epithelial growth factor - involved in epithelial proliferation, fibroblast and collagen, +/- angiogenesis

Question 16

What three events characterize inflammation

Answer 16

Increased vascular permeability Increased blood flow Leukocytes slipping through vessels

Question 17

What enzymes play a role in tumor cell breakdown of ECM in invasion and metastasis

Answer 17

Plasminogen activator and matrix metalloproteases

Question 18

What protein is broken down in epithelial cells to loosen intracellular junctions

Answer 18

E-cadherin

Question 19

What molecule is mutated in leukocyte adhesion deficiency

Answer 19

Integrin (CD18)

Question 20

What molecule on endothelial cells mediates leukocyte adhesion on endothelial cells

Answer 20

ICAM 1

Question 21

What mediates vascular permeability

Answer 21

PHCBLP Permeability Histamine C3a, C5a bradykinin L(CDE)4 leukotrienes PAF

Question 22

What mediators are chemotactic for neutrophils

Answer 22

C5a, LTB4, IL8/CXCL8

Question 23

What mediates fever

Answer 23

IL1, TNFa, PGE2

Question 24

What cells release vasoactive amines and arachadonic acid metabolites to upregulate inflammation

Answer 24

Mast cells

Question 25

Chronic inflammatory processes in tissues are usually characterized by what process

Answer 25

Fibrosis

Question 26

Histamine increases vascular permeability by which mechanism

Answer 26

Endothelial cell contraction

Question 27

What induces suppurative inflammatory reactions

Answer 27

Bacteria (non-mycobacteria)

Question 28

What mediators are chemotactic for neutrophils

Answer 28

CXCL8/IL8, LTB4

Question 29

What are the mediators of vasodilation

Answer 29

PGE2, histamine, NO

Question 30

How do eosinophils kill larval parasites

Answer 30

Major basic protein

Question 31

What kind of inflammatory process is granulomatous

Answer 31

Chronic (almost always)

Question 32

What mediates chemotaxis

Answer 32

Chemokines (IL8), C5a, LTB4, microbial products, fibrinopeptides

Question 33

What molecule on leukocytes mediates leukocyte rolling on endothelial cells

Answer 33

Sialy-Lewis X Modified glycoprotein

Question 34

What mediates tissue damage in Type IV Hypersensitivity/allergic reaction

Answer 34

T-cell induction of granulomatous inflammation Direct T-cell toxicity

Question 35

What mediates pain perception

Answer 35

PGE2 and bradykinin

Question 36

Name the signal that is highly expressed in malignant neoplastic cells to promote angiogenesis

Answer 36

VEGF - vascular endothelial growth factor

Question 37

What induces eosinophilic inflammatory reactions

Answer 37

Nematodes

Question 38

What mediates Type I Hypersensitivity reactions

Answer 38

IgE (and IgG)

Question 39

Type IV hypersensitivity reactions damage tissue via what mechanisms

Answer 39

CD8 T-cell cytotoxicity Cell mediated immunity with cytokine/lymphokine mediated indirect effects

Question 40

What are the two events associated with changes in vascular flow in acute inflammation

Answer 40

Transient vasoconstriction for a few seconds Secondary vasodilation lasting minutes to days

Question 41

What processes favor fibrosis over regeneration

Answer 41

Prolonged/severe Loss of BM Large amount of exudate Lack of reneawable cells

Question 42

What mechanism of edema contributes most to protein rich edema fluid

Answer 42

Increased vascular permeability

Question 43

What mediators are chemotactic for eosinophils

Answer 43

CCL11/Eotaxin

Question 44

What inflammatory cells are central to granulomatous inflammation

Answer 44

Macrophages, multinucleated giant cells., epithelioid cells

Question 45

What type of cell is associated with liquefactive necrosis

Answer 45

Neutrophils

Question 46

What dominates a granulomatous reaction

Answer 46

Macrophages

Question 47

What growth factor stimulates endothelial proliferation in repair

Answer 47

VEGF and BFGF

Question 48

What growth factor stimulates epithelial proliferation in repair

Answer 48

EGF, HGF, KGF

Question 49

What induces fibrosis

Answer 49

TGFb, TNFa, PDGF

Question 50

What are the inciting stimuli of granulomatous inflammation

Answer 50

Particles resisting lysosomal degradation Persisting molecules that stimulate T-cell hypersensitivity

Question 51

Leukocyte adhesion mediators (on leukocytes and endothelial cells)

Answer 51

Integrin and ICAM

Question 52

What inflammatory cell can divide locally in tissue and regulates immune and repair responses?

Answer 52

Macrophage- is also long-lived