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Gen Path Test Two > Inflammation > Flashcards

Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

What mediates pain in an inflammatory response

A

PGE2 and bradykinin

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2
Q

What are the incitin stimuli of granulomatous inflammation

A

Particles resisting lysosomal degradation Perisisting molecules that stimulate T-hypersensitivity

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3
Q

What induces macrophage dominated inflammatory reactions

A

Fungi/mycobacteria

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4
Q

What mediators are chemotactic for lymphocytes

A

CCL3 and MIP-1alpha

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5
Q

What mediates angiogenesis

A

VEGF and BFGF

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6
Q

Name species which have indicences of Leukocyte adhesion deficiency

A

Holstein cattle and irish setter dogs

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7
Q

What leukotriene is not involved in increasing vascular permeability

A

LTB4

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8
Q

What is VEGF

A

Vascular endothelial growth factor - highly expressed in malignancy

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9
Q

What induces granulomatous inflammatory reactions

A

Fungi/mycobacteria

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10
Q

What molecule on leukocytes mediates mediates leukocyte adhesion on endothelial cells

A

Integrin (CD11/CD18)

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11
Q

Leukocyte rolling mediators (on leukocytes and endothelial cells)

A

Sialy-Lewis X and E-selectin

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12
Q

What mediates Type III Hypersensitivity

A

IgG and IgM

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13
Q

What molecule on endothelial cells mediates leukocyte rolling on endothelial cells

A

E-selectin

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14
Q

What type of cells do macrophages differentiate into

A

Epithelioid cells and multinucleated giant cells

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15
Q

What is EGF

A

Epithelial growth factor - involved in epithelial proliferation, fibroblast and collagen, +/- angiogenesis

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16
Q

What three events characterize inflammation

A

Increased vascular permeability Increased blood flow Leukocytes slipping through vessels

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17
Q

What enzymes play a role in tumor cell breakdown of ECM in invasion and metastasis

A

Plasminogen activator and matrix metalloproteases

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18
Q

What protein is broken down in epithelial cells to loosen intracellular junctions

A

E-cadherin

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19
Q

What molecule is mutated in leukocyte adhesion deficiency

A

Integrin (CD18)

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20
Q

What molecule on endothelial cells mediates leukocyte adhesion on endothelial cells

A

ICAM 1

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21
Q

What mediates vascular permeability

A

PHCBLP Permeability Histamine C3a, C5a bradykinin L(CDE)4 leukotrienes PAF

22
Q

What mediators are chemotactic for neutrophils

A

C5a, LTB4, IL8/CXCL8

23
Q

What mediates fever

A

IL1, TNFa, PGE2

24
Q

What cells release vasoactive amines and arachadonic acid metabolites to upregulate inflammation

A

Mast cells

25
Q

Chronic inflammatory processes in tissues are usually characterized by what process

A

Fibrosis

26
Q

Histamine increases vascular permeability by which mechanism

A

Endothelial cell contraction

27
Q

What induces suppurative inflammatory reactions

A

Bacteria (non-mycobacteria)

28
Q

What mediators are chemotactic for neutrophils

A

CXCL8/IL8, LTB4

29
Q

What are the mediators of vasodilation

A

PGE2, histamine, NO

30
Q

How do eosinophils kill larval parasites

A

Major basic protein

31
Q

What kind of inflammatory process is granulomatous

A

Chronic (almost always)

32
Q

What mediates chemotaxis

A

Chemokines (IL8), C5a, LTB4, microbial products, fibrinopeptides

33
Q

What molecule on leukocytes mediates leukocyte rolling on endothelial cells

A

Sialy-Lewis X Modified glycoprotein

34
Q

What mediates tissue damage in Type IV Hypersensitivity/allergic reaction

A

T-cell induction of granulomatous inflammation
Direct T-cell toxicity

35
Q

What mediates pain perception

A

PGE2 and bradykinin

36
Q

Name the signal that is highly expressed in malignant neoplastic cells to promote angiogenesis

A

VEGF - vascular endothelial growth factor

37
Q

What induces eosinophilic inflammatory reactions

A

Nematodes

38
Q

What mediates Type I Hypersensitivity reactions

A

IgE (and IgG)

39
Q

Type IV hypersensitivity reactions damage tissue via what mechanisms

A

CD8 T-cell cytotoxicity Cell mediated immunity with cytokine/lymphokine mediated indirect effects

40
Q

What are the two events associated with changes in vascular flow in acute inflammation

A

Transient vasoconstriction for a few seconds Secondary vasodilation lasting minutes to days

41
Q

What processes favor fibrosis over regeneration

A

Prolonged/severe

Loss of BM

Large amount of exudate

Lack of reneawable cells

42
Q

What mechanism of edema contributes most to protein rich edema fluid

A

Increased vascular permeability

43
Q

What mediators are chemotactic for eosinophils

A

CCL11/Eotaxin

44
Q

What inflammatory cells are central to granulomatous inflammation

A

Macrophages, multinucleated giant cells., epithelioid cells

45
Q

What type of cell is associated with liquefactive necrosis

A

Neutrophils

46
Q

What dominates a granulomatous reaction

A

Macrophages

47
Q

What growth factor stimulates endothelial proliferation in repair

A

VEGF and BFGF

48
Q

What growth factor stimulates epithelial proliferation in repair

A

EGF, HGF, KGF

49
Q

What induces fibrosis

A

TGFb, TNFa, PDGF

50
Q

What are the inciting stimuli of granulomatous inflammation

A

Particles resisting lysosomal degradation Persisting molecules that stimulate T-cell hypersensitivity

51
Q

Leukocyte adhesion mediators (on leukocytes and endothelial cells)

A

Integrin and ICAM

52
Q

What inflammatory cell can divide locally in tissue and regulates immune and repair responses?

A

Macrophage- is also long-lived

Gen Path Test Two (4 decks)

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