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Pathoma > Inflammation > Flashcards

Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

Goal of Inflammation

A

(inflammatory) cells, plasma proteins, fluid leave blood vessel to interstital space

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2
Q

Characteristics of acute inflammation (2)

A

Edema and neutrophils

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3
Q

TLR - toll like receptors

A

Innate immunity -> PAMP (CD14 - LPS gram neg bact)

Adaptive - mediate chronic inflammation

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4
Q

which PG - Mediate vasodilation, increase vascular permeability

A

PGI2, PGD2, PGE2

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5
Q

Mediator for pain

A

Bradykinin, PGE2

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6
Q

Whichs leukotrienes mediate vasoconstriction, bronchospasm, increase vascular permeability

A

LTC4, LTD4, LTE4

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7
Q

What attracts neutrophils

A

LTB4, IL 8, C5a, bacterial toxin

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8
Q

Mast Cells activated by ___, ___, ___

A

tissue trauma, complement proteins C3a C5a, corsslinking IgE by antigen

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9
Q

Mast cell –> histamine –> fcn: ____, _____

A

vasodilation of arterioles, increase vascular permeability (post cap venules)

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10
Q

Complement activation pathways

A

Classical
Alternative
Mannose binding lectin

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11
Q

Goals of complement pathways

A

Production of C3 convertase (C3 to C3a/b) which makes C5 covertase. C5b complex with C6-9 - membrane attack complex (MAC)

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12
Q

Classical pathway - complement

A

C1 binds IgG (2 or more near each other) or IgM

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13
Q

Alternative pathway - complement

A

Microbial product –> activate complement

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14
Q

Mannose binding lectin pathway - complement

A

MBL binds to mannose on microorganism –> activate complement

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15
Q

Hageman factor

A

Factor XII

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16
Q

Factor XII actions:

A

Coagulation/fibrinolytic systems
Complement
Kinin system - kinin cleaves HMWK –> Bradykinnin –> vasodilation, increase vascular permeability, pain

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17
Q

Fever

A

Pryogen –> macrophage –> IL1 + TNF –> COX in perivascular cells of hypothalmus –> raise set temp

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18
Q

Neutrophil steps

A

Margination, rolling, adhesion, transmigration/chemotaxis, phagocytosis

19
Q

PMN rolling

A

Weibel patade bodies - (P selectin + von willebran factor) - mediated by histamine
E selectin - induced by TNF/IL1

20
Q

Selectins bind _________ on leukocytes

A

Sialyl Lewis X

21
Q

Cellular adhesion molecules upregulated by ___, ___

A

TNF, IL1

22
Q

Integrins (on PMN) up regulated by ___, ___

A

C5a, LTB4

23
Q

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency due to AR defect in ______

A

Integrins (CD18 subunit)

24
Q

Clinical feature of leukocyte adhesion deficiency

A

Delayed separation of umbilical corde
increased circulating neutrophils
Lack pus

25
Q

Opsonins

A

IgG, C3b

26
Q

Chediak Higashi Syndrome

A

protein trafficking defect (AR) - microtubules

Increase infection, neutropenia, giant granules, defective hemostasis, albinism, peripheral neuropathy

27
Q

Formation of bleach from O2

A

O2 –> (NADPH oxidase) –> O2- /supersoxide –> (superoxide dismutase SOD) -> H2O2 –> (Myeloperoxidase) –> HOCl

28
Q

Chronic granulomatous disease

A

Poor O2 dependent killing
(NADPH oxidase defect) - NBT test - turns blue if ok
MPO deficiency - NBT is colorless

29
Q

Macrophage kills by _________

A

O2 - independent pathways - lysozymes

30
Q

Job of macrophage

A

resolution and healing - IL10, TFG beta
Continue acute inflammation - IL8
Abscess - acute inflammation surrounded by fibrosis - Mediates fibrosis - fibrogenic growth factors/cytokines
Chonric inflammation - Presents antigen –> CD4 T helpers

31
Q

Helper CD__; MHC class ___

A

4; II

32
Q

Cytotoxic CD __; MHC Class __

A

8; I

33
Q

T helper cell activation

A

Binding antigen/MHC + 2nd signal (B7 APC –> CD28)

34
Q

Th1 secrets

A

IL2 IFNY

35
Q

Th2 secrets

A 
IL4 (class switch to igG and IgE)
IL5 (eosinophil chemotaxis, switch to IgA) 
IL 10 - inhibits Th1 phenotype
36
Q

CTL activation

A 
MHC class I/antigen
IL2 from CD4 Th1
37
Q

Apoptosis methods (3)

A

Intrinsic - mitochondria cytochrome C - cas9
Extrinic receptor - FasL-Fas, TNF - Cas8
CD8 (CTL) - Granzyme (Perfornin create pores, so grandzymes can enter)

38
Q

Naive B cell surface

A

IgM and IgD

39
Q

Antigen binding –> maturation to _____

A

IgM or IgD secreting plasma cells

40
Q

Granulomatosous inflammation

A

Subtype of chronic inflammation

Epithelioid histiocytes, giant cells, lymphocytes

41
Q

Caseating granulomas traits and for _____ and _____

A 
Central necrosis
For TB (AFB stains) and fungal(GMS stains) infections
42
Q

Noncaseating granulomas - cause

A

lack central necrosis

Foreign material, sarcoidosis, Be exposure, Crohns disease, cat scratch disedase

43
Q

Granuloma formation

A

Macrophage –> IL 12 –> CD4 –> T cell to Th1 cell –> IFN Y –> macrophage –> epithiloid histocyte and giant cells

Pathoma (2 decks)

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