Inflammation

Question 1

Inflammation

Answer 1

physiological response to tissue injury which can be due to an embedded foreign inanimate object (i.e., thorn in flesh), chemical agents, physical trauma, or a pathogen

Question 2

Inflammation is categorized by

Answer 2

increased blood flow leading to the fundamental signs which includes temperature, pain, redness, swelling and possible loss of function of the affected area

Question 3

process of inflammation involves

Answer 3

many cells (mast cells, neutrophils, macrophages) and mediators (histamine, serotonin, cytokines, prostaglandins & leukotrienes)

Question 4

acute inflammation

Answer 4

vasodilation which is a process that increases blood flow to the area
the walls of the blood vessels become permeable to clotting factors, white blood cells whose aim is to reduce spread of the microbe
Histamine and nitric oxide is the primary mediators that induce vasodilation and increased vascular permeability
After the neutrophils are recruited via chemotaxis, monocytes which eventually turn into macrophages engulf debris
Prostaglandins also promote vascular permeability.
The main aim of inflammation is to clear the initial cause of injury, remove necrotic cells and damaged tissue and initiate tissue repair.
The outcomes of acute inflammation include resolution, fibrosis, abscess formation or chronic inflammation

Question 5

Mast cells

Answer 5

histamine rich cells which degranulate when bound to an allergen

Question 6

Neutrophils

Answer 6

white blood cells and phagocytes that migrate to the area of damage. They also form the pus we see in wounds

Question 7

Monocytes

Answer 7

cells in the blood that mature into macrophages

Question 8

Vascular permeability

Answer 8

capacity of a blood vessel wall to allow for the flow of small molecules (water, ions) or even whole cells (neutrophils on their way to the site of inflammation) in and out of the vessel

Question 9

Vasodilation

Answer 9

widening of the diameter of a blood vessel

Question 10

Chemotaxis

Answer 10

directed migration of cells due to release of extracellular signals

Question 11

Serotonin

Answer 11

substance that plays an integral role in inflammation

Question 12

Prostaglandins

Answer 12

plays an integral role in inflammation and also involved in developing the cardinal signs of inflammation (redness, pain, swelling etc.)

Question 13

Leukotrienes

Answer 13

have the ability to recruit neutrophils to the site of inflammation

Question 14

Fibrosis

Answer 14

collagen rich consequence of inflammation, usually occurs with chronic inflammation

Question 15

Chronic inflammation

Answer 15

long term inflammation that lasts months to years

Question 16

Abscess formation

Answer 16

localised area of pus collection

Question 17

“itis”

Answer 17

a suffix that indicates inflammation except in the case of the bronchioles (asthma) and the lungs (pneumonia). For example cellulitis indicates inflammation of the skin

Question 18

Pneumonia

Answer 18

inflammation of the lungs in the alveoli leading to consolidation and reduced surface area for gaseous exchange