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IMMUNO SERO lec > Inflammation > Flashcards

Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

In-flame means

A

to set fire (red, hot, pain)

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2
Q

Inflammatory Response is part of the 2nd line of defense
A. Yup
B. Naurrr

A

Yup

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3
Q

A complex response to sublethal injury to a tissue

A

Inflammation

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4
Q

A type of inflammation that is rapid onset & resolution

A

Acute Inflammation

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5
Q

The healing process from acute inflammation usually takes about ____ weeks.

A

2 to 3 weeks

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6
Q

Which cell type is predominant in acute inflammation?

A

Neutrophils

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7
Q

What happens to plasma proteins during acute inflammation?

A

Rapid increase and decrease

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8
Q

Does acute inflammation leave any residual damage?

A

yas

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9
Q

What vascular changes occur during acute inflammation?

A

Hyperemia & exudation

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10
Q

How long does chronic inflammation typically last?

A

weeks, months, or years

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11
Q

What is the nature of chronic inflammation?

A

It is self-perpetuating

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12
Q

What is often repeated in relation to tissue during chronic inflammation?

A

Injury to the tissue is often repeated

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13
Q

What are the predominant cell types in chronic inflammation?

A

lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages

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14
Q

What could be the possible effects of chronic inflammation on a person’s health?

A

It may be debilitating and devastating

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15
Q

What proliferates during chronic inflammation and what does not?

A

Fibroblasts proliferate, but not exudates

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16
Q

What is the risk associated with chronic inflammation

A

scarring and deformity

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17
Q

What are the causative agents of chronic inflammation

A

Low-grade persistent irritants which are unable to penetrate deeply or spread rapidly, like silica and asbestos

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18
Q

Can you provide some examples of conditions related to chronic inflammation?

A

Rheumatoid arthritis and Tuberculosis

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19
Q

First step of inflammatory response

A

histamine, kinins, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes are released from damaged cells

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20
Q

Second step of inflammatory response

A

initiation of vascular and cellular response to promote chemotaxis

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21
Q

leukocyte cling to capillary wall

A

margination

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22
Q

Formed from fluids and cells that move to the site of injury

A

exudates

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23
Q

Third step of inflammatory response

A

Phagocytes roll towards the lumen wall, stick to the endothelial wall through margination

24
Q

Fourth step of inflammatory response

A

emigration (diapedesis) as phagocytes squeeze between endothelial cells to reach the infected site

25
Q

Fifth step of inflammatory response

A

phagocytosis of invading bacteria begins

26
Q

The process of inflammation is characterized by all of the following except:
a. Decreased capillary permeability
b. Increased blood supply to the area
c. Appearance of acute phase reactants
d. Migration of white blood cells

A

a. Decreased capillary permeability

27
Q

Fever can be a response to inflammatory reaction in the body.
a. True
b. False

A

a. True

28
Q

All are true about inflammation except:
a. Healing is brought about through loss of function where regeneration of parenchymal cells are effected
b. The first phase of inflammation is swelling which is brought about by plasma leakage into injury site
c. All are true statements.
d. Function laesa is experienced because of pain thereby causing decreased mobility by the affected area
e. Blood accumulation into injury site can lead to increased heat in the area as pyrogens are released by macrophages

A

b. The first phase of inflammation is swelling which is brought about by plasma leakage into injury site

29
Q

Swollen site of injury brought about by transudates and exudates impinging on the nerve endings of the affected area results in pain

A

Dolor

30
Q

Hyperemia and the increased blood flow to the site makes the injured site warmer / hotter than normal

A

Calor

31
Q

last cardinal sign resulting from intense pain that forces the injured area to be rested

A

functio laesa

32
Q

accumulation of transudates or exudates leads to swelling of the injured tissue area

A

Tumor

33
Q

The injured tissue area appears red due to hyperemia and the release of red blood cells into the site

A

Rubor

34
Q

This chemical mediator is the first to be release in inflammation

A

histamine

35
Q

Inflammation and humoral factors are properties of this line of defense

A

second line of defense

36
Q

Fever must be allowed to play its role at all times because it can lead to increased phagocytic activity and hematopoiesis.
a. True
b. False

A

b. False

37
Q

First white blood cell to be mobilized in acute pyogenic infection

A

neutrophils

38
Q

Hemorrhagic Appearance

A

Bright red or bloody

39
Q

Serosanguinous Appearance

A

Blood tinged yellow or pink

40
Q

Purulent Appearance

A

Thin, cloudy, foul-smelling (thick if
w/ dead & necrotic tissues)

41
Q

Catarrhal Appearance

A

Thin, clear mucus

42
Q

Fibrinous Appearance

A

Thin, usually clear, may be yellow
or pink tinged or cloudy

43
Q

2nd chemical mediator in the inflammatory response

A

Bradykinin

44
Q

This chemical mediator from the arachidonic acid layer is known to produce pain and fever during inflammation

A

Prostaglandin

45
Q

All are true of fever except:
a. There is high metabolic rate for WBC maturation during fever
b. Fever must immediately be treated to avoid infection
c. Systemic effect of inflammation due to endogenous cytokines
d. May be caused by pyrogens that reset the thermostat in the hypothalamus

A

b. Fever must immediately be treated to avoid infection

46
Q

Primary mediator of the humoral immune system response that helps body produce inflammation and helps localize infectious agents

A

Complement System

47
Q

Cellular response where neutrophils, monocytes, leukocytes move to
the inner surface of the capillaries

A

Migration

48
Q

Mechanism to ensure accumulation of neutrophils and monocytes at the focus of injury

A

chemotaxis

49
Q

A complex and dynamic process that results in the restoration of anatomic and continuity of function.

A

Healing

50
Q

Key cell in the proliferative phase that is aa connective tissue that synthesizes
and secretes collagen and other intercellular elements needed for wound healing

A

fibroblast

51
Q

formation of new blood vessels

A

angiogenesis

52
Q

process of collagen synthesis (by
fibroblast) and lysis (collagenase enzyme)

A

remodeling

53
Q

Systemic reaction due to the release of leukocytes from the bone marrow and combat infection – immature leukocytes

A

Leukocytosis

54
Q

Systemic reaction Enhances Interferon activity
Release of prostaglandin

A

Fever

55
Q

Other systemic reactions to inflammation

A

● Malaise
● Nausea
● Anorexia

IMMUNO SERO lec (3 decks)

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