Cytokines Flashcards
the messengers of the immune system
Cytokines
The major cytokines involved in the initial stages of the inflammatory response are
IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, and the chemokines
If a cytokine affects the same cell that secreted it.
autocrine effect
If a cytokine affects a target cell in close proximity.
paracrine effect
impacts of the body’s responses to
infectious organisms/particles; these symptoms are the result of our cytokines’ actions
Sickness syndrome
proteins that cause proliferation and
differentiation of bone marrow cells particularly WBCs (all types) into mature forms
Colony Stimulating Factors
stimulates bone marrow cells to mature into granulocytes
G-CSF (granulocyte CSF)
stimulates the maturation of
cells into monocyte and macrophage cells
M-CSF (macrophage CSF)
stimulates maturation of cells to granulocytes (neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils) or monocytes
GM-CSF (granulocyte-monocyte CSF)
facilitate protection for tissue cells, granulocytes and macrophages
Tissue Necrosis Factors
Cytokines are induced in response to the
binding of stimuli, such as bacterial lipopolysaccharides, flagellin,
or other bacterial products.
a. True
b. False
a. True
means that a single cytokine can have many different actions.
Pleiotropy
When different cytokines
activate some of the same pathways and genes, it is called _______.
redundancy
Cytokines often act in networks; if the effects complement and enhance each other, these are called _____.
synergistic interactions
one cytokine may counteract the action of another cytokine, causing _____ as an action
antagonism
