Inflammation Flashcards
a non-specific, defensive process of the body to tissue damage.
inflammation
an attempt to dispose of microbes, toxins, or foreign material at the site of injury
inflammation
5 cardinal signs and symptoms:
a. redness (rubor)
b. pain (dolor)
c. heat (calor)
d. swelling (tumor)
e. loss of function (functio laesa)
• prime symptom of inflammation
Pain (Dolor)
• due to inflammation, joints and muscles might feel pain. In particular, the inflamed areas may
be sensitive to touch.
Pain (Dolor)
due to inflammation,there is more blood flow to the area.
Heat (Calor)
as the blood flow more to the inflamed area, the blood vessels of the area will be filled with more blood than normal. Due to which the inflamed area will appear red in the color.
Redness (Rubor)
the primary cause of swelling is accumulated fluid in the tissues or outside the blood vessel
Swelling (tumor)
the immobility may result from the pain that restrains movement or from severe swelling that keeps the movement in the area.
Loss of function (functio laesa)
subdivide into two classes; microbial and non-microbial ______________.
Exogenous inducers
- two classes of ________________.
• pathogen-associated molecular patter ns (PAMPs) which are carried by all microorganisms
• virulence factors- trigger the inflammatory response due to the effects of their activity.
• Example: enzymatic activity produced by helminths and exotoxins produced by bacteria
Microbial inducers
include allergens, toxic compounds, irritants, and foreign bodies that are too large to be digested or cause phagosomal damage in macrophages.
Non-Microbial
signals released by tissues that are either dead,damaged, malfunctioned,orstressed.Twolargegroups- infectiousfactorsandthenon-infectiousfactors.
Endogenous inducers
category includes bacteria,viruses, and other microorganisms.
Infectious factors
due to physical injuries such as frostbite,burn, physical injury, foreign b o d i e s , t r a u m a , i o n i z i n g r a d i a t i o n , c h e m i c a l c o m p o u n d s s u c h a s g l u c o s e , f a t t y a c i d s , t ox i n s , a l c o h o l , and chemical irritants such as nickel and other trace elements. There are also biological inducers, including signals released by damaged cells and physiological due to excitement.
Non-Infectious factors