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Histopathology > Infiltration & Embedding, Sectioning, Staining, Mounting & Labelling > Flashcards

Infiltration & Embedding, Sectioning, Staining, Mounting & Labelling Flashcards

1
Q

In reusing wax, water must be removed by heating the wax to ___C thereby raising its melting point.

A

100-105

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2
Q

In double embedding, tissue is first infiltrated with ____, followed by embedding with ____.

A

Celloidin; paraffin

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3
Q

Most rapid embedding technique

A

Vacuum

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4
Q

What is the temperature of the paraffin oven used for impregnation?

A

2-5C above the melting point of impregnating medium

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5
Q

Sections are floated out in a water bath set at:

A

45-55C

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6
Q

What is the melting point of ester wax?

A

46-48C

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7
Q

Most common type of microtome for cutting paraffin embedded sections

A

Rotary microtome, Minot

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8
Q

The knife is usually tilted at ___ angulation on a microtome to allow a clearance angle between the cutting facet and the tissue block.

A

0-15C

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9
Q

Volume of the embedding medium should be at least ___ times the tissue volume.

A

25

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10
Q

In manual processing, there should be at least ___ changes of paraffin at ___ minutes interval.

A

4; 15

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11
Q

Automatic tissue processing comprise of ___ individual processing steps.

A

12

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12
Q

Medium used when dehydration is to be avoided; used for tissues subjected to histochemical and enzyme studies

A

Gelatin

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13
Q

Plastic medium used for electron microscopy

A

Methacrylate plastic resin (EPON resin)

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14
Q

Plastic medium used extensively for light microscopy

A

Acrylic

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15
Q

Overheated paraffin (>60) causes ____ of tissue.

A

Brittleness, shrinkage, and hardening

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16
Q

What is the melting point of paraplast?

A

56-57C

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17
Q

Mixture of highly purified paraffin and synthetic plastic polymers

A

Paraplast

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18
Q

Synthetic wax recommended for eyes

A

Bioloid

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19
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Carbowax requires dehydration and clearing.

A

False

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20
Q

Adding soap to water or using ____ will reduce tissue distortion when employing carbowax.

A

10% polyethylene glycol

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21
Q

Celloidin method recommended for bones, teeth, large brain sections and whole organs

A

Wet celloidin method

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22
Q

In dry celloidin method, ____ is added to celloidin blocks before hardening.

A

Gilson’s mixture

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23
Q

Embedding mold consisting of 2 L-shaped pieces of metal

A

Leuckhart’s

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24
Q

Embedding mold that allows the block to be immediately ready for cutting without the need for trimming

A

Plastic embedding ring and base mold

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25
Q

At least ___ mm of wax should surround the tissue block.

A

2

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26
Q

Tissue is soft when block is trimmed - incomplete ____

A

Fixation

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27
Q

Clearing agent turn milky - incomplete ____

A

Dehydration

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28
Q

Air holes found on tissue during trimming - incomplete ____

A

Impregnation

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29
Q

Simplest type of microtome

A

Rocking (Paldwell Trefall)

30
Q

Most dangerous type of microtome; for cutting celloidin-embedded tissues

A

Sliding (Adams)

31
Q

Which sliding microtome is used for hard tissue or large blocks?

A

Base sledge

32
Q

TRUE or FALSE: In the standard sliding microtome the block holder is stationary and the knife is moving.

A

True

33
Q

TRUE or FALSE: The knife is colder than the tissue and environment in the freezing microtome.

A

True

34
Q

What is the temperature of the knife in the freezing microtome?

A

-40 to -60C

35
Q

Most commonly used for rapid preparation of urgent tissue biopsies during surgery

A

Cryostat or cold microtome

36
Q

What is the optimum working temp of the cryostat?

A

-18 to -20C

37
Q

Most rapid freezing agent; produce ice crystals

A

Liquid nitrogen

38
Q

Most commonly used in cold knife procedure

A

Carbon dioxide gas

39
Q

In freeze-drying, quenching is set at what temperature?

A

-160 to -180C

40
Q

In freeze-substitution, the frozen tissue is fixed in ____ or in ____ and dehydrated in absolute alcohol.

A

Rossman’s fluid; 1% acetone

41
Q

What is the recommended knife for cutting paraffin-embedded sections on a rotary microtome?

A

Biconcave knife

42
Q

What is the recommended knife for frozen sections or cutting large and tough specimens, using base-sledge type or sliding microtome?

A

Plane-wedge knife

43
Q

TRUE or FALSE: The less concave side of the plane-concave knife is for paraffin-embedded tissue blocks.

A

False

44
Q

Removal of gross nicks and blemishes on the knife

A

Honing (sharpening)

45
Q

Removal of burr; polishing of the cutting edge of the knife

A

Stropping

46
Q

Angle formed between the cutting edges of the knife

A

Bevel angle (27-32)

47
Q

Angle between the cutting edge and the tissue block

A

Clearance angle (0-15)

48
Q

Perfect and optimum cutting angle

A

15

49
Q

Paraffin sections are ____ micra.

A

4-6

50
Q

What is the maximum volume of a flotation bath?

A

2L

51
Q

What is the optimum temperature of a water bath?

A

6-10C lower than the melting point of waxed used (45-50)

52
Q

Most common adhesive for surgical sections

A

Mayer’s egg albumin

53
Q

What are added to Mayer’s egg albumin to prevent growth of molds?

A

Thymol crystals

54
Q

What is added to Mayer’s egg albumin to increase viscosity and prevent drying?

A

Glycerin

55
Q

What adhesive is used for cytospin preparations of proteinaceous or bloody material?

A

APES (3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane)

56
Q

Wax oven should be 55-60C or at least ____C above the melting point of wax.

A

2-5

57
Q

A process whereby the action of the dye is intensified by adding another agent of mordant

A

Indirect staining

58
Q

A commonly used connective tissue procedure that stains collagen

A

Masson trichrome

59
Q

Stains DNA and RNA

A

Acridine orange

60
Q

Dyes used for nuclear staining are:

A

Basic

61
Q

The silver nitrate reduction technique of Fontana may be used to demostrate:

A

Argentaffin cells

62
Q

Special stain for the demonstration of fungus and Pneumocystis carinii organisms in lung tissue sections:

A

Grocott’s methanamine silver

63
Q

Using the warthin-starry method for the demonstration of spirochetes, the organism is positively stained as:

A

Black

64
Q

Best vital dye

A

Neutral red

65
Q

Vital stain recommended for mitochondria

A

Janus green

66
Q

A vegetable dye extracted from lichens

A

Orcein

67
Q

Acid alcohol used in routine H & E staining acts as:

A

Differentiator

68
Q

Oldest of stains; stains amyloid, cellulose, carotenes & glycogen

A

Iodine

69
Q

Excellent stain for elastic fibers and is especially recommended in dermatological studies due to its ability to demonstrate the finest and most delicate fibers in the skin

A

Orcein

70
Q

In the methyl green-pyronin stain, DNA is stained:

A

Green or blue-green

71
Q

Type of staining wherein the action of the dye is intensified by adding another agent or mordant

A

Indirect staining

72
Q

Accelerates the speed of staining reaction by increasing staining power & selectivity

A

Accentuator

Histopathology (3 decks)

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