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HYDROLOGY > INFILTRATION > Flashcards

INFILTRATION Flashcards

1
Q

basic concept

A

-Infiltration
-Percolation
-Infiltration rate
-Hydraulic conductivity
-Permeability
-Cumulative infiltration

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2
Q

the process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil.

A

Infiltration

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3
Q

movement of water through the soil profile going to groundwater.

A

Percolation

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4
Q

infiltration per unit time; expressed in volume per unit time per unit area or depth per unit time

A

Infiltration rate

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5
Q

velocity of flow caused by a unit gradient; flow through soils in any direction

A

Hydraulic conductivity

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6
Q

used interchangeably with hydraulic conductivity

A

Permeability

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7
Q

The summation of the depth of water absorbed by a soil in a specified elapsed time in reference to the time of initial water application.

A

Cumulative infiltration

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8
Q

SOIL HORIZONS/ LAYERS

A

-humus
-topsoil (A horizon)
-subsoil (B soil)
-weathered rock fragments (C horizon)
-bedrock (D horizon)

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9
Q

IMPORTANCE OF SOIL INFILTRATION

A

-Groundwater Recharge
-Reducing Runoff
-Supporting Ecosystems
-Water conservation
-Reduced soil erosion by runoff
-Irrigation (manner of application)

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10
Q

Infiltration is a primary method for replenishing groundwater supplies, which are crucial for drinking water, irrigation, and industrial use

A

Groundwater Recharge

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11
Q

By allowing water to enter the soil, infiltration reduces surface runoff, which can help prevent flooding and erosion.

A

Reducing Runoff

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12
Q

Infiltration helps maintain soil moisture levels, supporting plant growth and sustaining ecosystems

A

Supporting Ecosystems

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13
Q

FACTORS AFFECTING INFILTRATION

A

-Soil
-Soil characteristics / compaction
-Soil’s degree of saturation
-Precipitation
-Land cover
-Base Flow
-Slope of the land
-Use of soil additives

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14
Q

soil texture, soil structure; the larger the pore size and the greater the continuity of the pores, the greater is the infiltration rate

A

Soil

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15
Q

formation of a thin compact layer on the surface as a result of severe breakdown of soil structure caused by the beating action of raindrops and flow of water over the surface

A

surface sealing or puddling of soil

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16
Q

The clay surfaced soils are compacted even by the impact of rain drops which reduce infiltration.

A

Soil characteristics / compaction

17
Q

Clay has low and slow infiltration compared to sand and gravely soil.

A

Soil characteristics / compaction

18
Q

he more saturated the loose Earth material are, the less infiltration.

A

Soil’s degree of saturation

19
Q

typically refers to the collection of standing water at the ground surface due to the presence of an impermeable layer within the soil.

A

Ponding

20
Q

The amount, intensity, and duration of precipitation significantly impact infiltration. Heavy, short-duration rainfall can lead to more runoff, while light, long-duration rainfall allows more water to infiltrate.

A

Precipitation

21
Q

Vegetation and land use affect infiltration. Vegetated areas typically have higher infiltration rates due to root systems creating pathways for water.

A

Land cover

22
Q

More vegetation, slower infiltration

A

Land cover

23
Q

a portion of the stream flow that is not runoff; it is water from the ground, flowing into the channel over a long time and with a certain delay.

A

Base Flow

24
Q

lateral movement of water.

A

Base Flow

25
Q

Rivers near city has low baseflow because of impervious surface.

A

Base Flow

26
Q

Steeper slopes tend to have higher runoff and lower infiltration rates compared to flat areas.

A

Slope of the land

27
Q

chemicals that improve the soil structure hence increase infiltration; other chemicals cause soil particles to swell and to become hydrophilic hence reduce infiltration

A

Use of soil additives

28
Q

INFILTRATION PROCESS

A

Surface Entry
Movement Through Soil
Recharge of Groundwater

29
Q

Water first enters the soil at the surface, influenced by gravity and capillary forces.

A

Surface Entry

30
Q

Water moves vertically and horizontally through soil layers, filling pore spaces and cracks.

A

Movement Through Soil

31
Q

Some infiltrated water reaches deeper soil layers and recharges groundwater aquifers.

A

Recharge of Groundwater

32
Q

involves direct measurement of water applied and water flowing from the field

A

Direct measurement

HYDROLOGY (2 decks)

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