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HYDROLOGY > EVAPORATION AND EVAPOTRANSPIRATION > Flashcards

EVAPORATION AND EVAPOTRANSPIRATION Flashcards

1
Q

is the conversion of liquid water from lakes, streams, and other bodies of water to water vapor.

A

Evaporation

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2
Q

Examples of Evaporation

A

-Drying clothes
-Sweating
-Drying wet floors
-Ironing clothes
-Cooling hot drinks
-Salt production
-Hair drying
-Nail polishing remover

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3
Q

is the process by which water is emitted from plants through the stomata, small openings on the underside of leaves that are connected to the vascular tissue.

A

Transpiration

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4
Q

describe the combined losses of water due to transpiration and evaporation.

A

Evapotranspiration

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5
Q

used interchangeably with evapotranspiration but technically, it refers to the sum of ET and water used by the plants for tissue building processes.

A

Consumptive Use

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6
Q

FACTORS AFFECTING EVAPORATION

A

-Temperature
-Wind speed
-Surface area
-Humidity
-Effects of water quality
-Atmospheric pressure

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7
Q

On increasing the temperature, the rate of evaporation also increases.

A

Temperature

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8
Q

At higher temperature, the molecules are moving faster; therefore, it is more likely for a molecule to have enough energy to break away from the liquid to become a gas.

A

Temperature

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9
Q

When the clothes are spread out on a clothesline on a windy day, they will dry up quicker than on a still day.

A

Wind speed

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10
Q

Wind speed and rate of evaporation are directly proportional to each other.

A

Wind speed

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11
Q

As the surface area increases, the rate of evaporation also increases.

A

Surface area

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12
Q

The more area is exposed to air, allowing water molecules to acquire more heat energy from the surroundings

A

Surface area

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13
Q

The larger the surface area, the larger the opportunity for the water to escape or evaporate.

A

Surface area

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14
Q

a measure of the amount of water vapor in the air.

A

Humidity

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15
Q

The more saturated the air, the slower the evaporation process.

A

Humidity

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15
Q

Impurities and dissolved substances can alter the evaporation rate.

A

Effects of water quality

15
Q

Lower air pressure makes it easier for water to evaporate.

A

Atmospheric pressure

16
Q

Evaporation rate is faster in fresh water due to high vapor pressure.

A

Effects of water quality

17
Q

At high altitudes where the air pressure is lower, water boils at a lower temperature. Cooking times vary on different altitude.

A

Atmospheric pressure

18
Q

describes the total water removed from an area by transpiration (release of water vapor from plants) and by evaporation of water from soils, snow, and water surfaces.

A

EVAPOTRANSPIRATION

19
Q

help in moisture conservation because they decrease the rate of evaporation.

A

Mulches

20
Q

METHODS OF MEASUREMENT OF EVAPORATION

A

DIRECT METHOD
- water budget method
- lysimeter
- class A evaporation pan
INDIRECT METHOD
- mass transfer
- energy balance
- empirical methods
•penman equation
•meyer’s formula

21
Q

device used to measure the amount of water that moves through soil, helping researchers understand water balance, evapotranspiration, and soil-plant interactions.

A

lysimeter

22
Q

METHODS OF DETERMINING ET

A

-field experimental plots
-Soil water studies
-Integration methods
-Inflow-outflow method
-Remote sensing techniques

23
Q

the quantity of water applied in these plots is kept small to avoid deep percolation losses and surface runoff is measured.

A

Field experimental plots

24
Q

samples are taken at various depths in the root zone

A

Soil water studies

25
Q

the water used by plants and evaporation from the water and soil surfaces are combined for the entire area involved

A

Integration methods

26
Q

inflow into the area (precipitation), outflow from the area and change in groundwater level are evaluated.

A

Inflow-outflow method

27
Q

Advanced methods that can estimate evaporation by analyzing satellite data to understand the energy and water fluxes on the Earth’s surface

A

Remote sensing techniques

28
Q

Methods of Measurement of Evaporation

A

-Direct method
-Indirect method

29
Q

the amount of water evaporated from a unit surface area per unit of time.

A

Rate of Evaporation

30
Q

Direct Method

A

-Water Budget Method (simplest method)
-Lysimeter
-Class ‘A’ Evaporation pan
-

31
Q

Indirect Method

A

-Mass-Transfer Method
-Energy Balance
-Empirical Methods
•Penman Equation
•meyer’s formula

HYDROLOGY (2 decks)

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