Inffi 3

Question 1

Bluetongue

Answer 1

Non-contagious viral disease of Ru, transmitted by midges, caused by orbivirus. Doesn’t persist once cold weather kills the midges.

Fever, oral lesions, swollen or cyanotic tongue, coronitis, reproductive failure. Mostly asymptomatic.

Primary host SHEEP, morbidity 100, mort. 0-30, other Ru morb <5, death rare.

Transmission: Excreted with semen.
Biting midges, in utero, mechanical (iatrogenic), venereal?

IP: 5-10d

Material: blood, spleen/liver/bm/LNs, aborted or congenitally infected newborns: pre-colostrum serum

In the lab: virus isolation, immunological test, PCR, serology (ELISA, AGID)

No treatment, vector control, vaccine

Question 2

Salmonellosis

Answer 2

ZOONOSIS!
Disease of multiple species, caused by bacteria in Salmonella spp. (G-). Very resistant in environment, likes wet and warm.

Septicemia, diarrhea, abortions.

Hosts: mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians.
Clinical cases: cattle, pigs, horses.

Morbidity 1-90, higher in reptiles and birds.
Mort. <100, severe cases, young animals.

Excretion: feces
Route: fecal-oral
Transmission:
Direct contact
Contaminated feed, water
Fomites
Insect vectors
Vertical in birds and mammals

Shedding for weeks or even years!

IP: highly variable
Horses acute severe infections 6-24h
Often asymptomatic, symptomatic only when stressed. Pregnant, lactating, young animals most susceptible